تأثیر مکمل پودر تفاله تمر هندی بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای خونی-ایمنی و بیان ژن‌های مرتبط با ایمنی در میگوی سفیدپای اقیانوس آرام (Litopenaeus vannamei)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

10.22099/ijvr.2025.51831.7714

چکیده

پیشینه: استفاده از فیتوبیوتیک‌های خوراکی به‌عنوان جایگزینی امیدوارکننده برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها در برابر پاتوژن‌های باکتریایی در پرورش میگو مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. هدف: مطالعه حاضر تأثیر رژیم‌های غذایی مکمل‌شده با پودر تفاله تمر هندی (TPP) را بر رشد، بقا، پاسخ‌های ایمنی، مقاومت در برابر ویبریو هاروی و بیان ژن‌های ایمنی در میگوی Litopenaeus vannamei بررسی کرد. روش کار: یک آزمایش تغذیه‌ای ۴۹ روزه با استفاده از میگوی L. vannamei (میانگین وزن 45/0 ± 60/5 گرم) انجام شد که با رژیم‌های غذایی مکمل‌شده با TPP در غلظت‌های ۰ (T0)، ۱ (T1)، ۵ (T2) و ۱۰ (T3) گرم بر کیلوگرم رژیم غذایی به میزان ۳ درصد وزن بدن تغذیه شدند. عملکرد رشد شامل افزایش وزن خالص (NWG) و نسبت تبدیل خوراک (FCR) به‌صورت هفتگی ثبت شد و پاسخ‌های ایمنی شامل پروتئین سرم (SP)، فعالیت پروفنل‌اکسیداز (PPO) و فعالیت لیزوزیم (LZ) در پایان آزمایش تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یک آزمایش چالش ۹۶ ساعته با ویبریو هاروی  105 CFU/ml برای ارزیابی مرگ‌ومیر انجام شد. پس از آزمایش چالش، فعالیت‌های آنزیمی و ژن‌های ایمنی شامل گیرنده‌های toll-like و لیزوزیم مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. نتایج: میگوهای تغذیه‌شده با رژیم T2 (5گرم بر کیلوگرمTPP) به‌طور معنی‌داری (P<0.05) افزایش وزن خالص بالاتر، FCR بهبود یافته و بقای بیشتری نسبت به سایر گروه‌ها نشان دادند. تعداد کل هموسیت‌ها، پروتئین سرم، فعالیت PPO و LZ در میگوهای T2 به‌طور معنی‌داری بالاتر بود. همچنین کاهش سطوح فعالیت‌های آنزیمی و افزایش بیان ژن‌های مرتبط با ایمنی در گروه T2 مشاهده شد. در طی آزمایش چالش، میگوهای تغذیه ‌شده با T2 بالاترین نرخ بقا (86%) را داشتند که نشان‌دهنده مقاومت تقویت‌شده در برابر ویبریو هاروی بود. نتیجه‌گیری: سطح مکمل ۵ گرم بر کیلوگرم TPP به‌عنوان سطح بهینه برای بهبود رشد، ایمنی و مقاومت در برابر ویبریوز در L. vannamei شناخته شد که پتانسیل آن را به‌عنوان یک جایگزین فیتوبیوتیک برای آنتی‌بیوتیک‌ها در پرورش میگو برجسته می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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