ویروس لوسمی گاوی: نگرشی بر مبنای عفونت و ایمنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

چکیده

ویروس لوسمی گاو (BLV) عضوی از خانواده ویروسی رتروویریده است و به جنس دلتا رترو ویروس تعلق دارد. این ویروس رابطه ژنتیکی نزدیکی با ویروس لوسمی سلول‌های T انسان (نوع یک) دارد. BLV مسؤول رخداد بیماری لکوز انزئوتیک گاوها است، بیماری‌ای مسری که سیستم لنفاوی گاو را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. ویروس لوسمی گاو چالش‌های زیادی را برای صنعت جهانی دامپروری به همراه دارد و جمعیت گاوها در سراسر جهان را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. با وجود پراکنش گسترده و جهانی این ویروس، BLV اغلب نادیده گرفته شده و بسیاری از پژوهشگران از حضور و عواقب ناشی از شیوع آن غافل هستند. BLV اشکال مختلفی از بیماری‌زایی را در میزبان‌های مختلف نشان می‌دهد. در مواجهه با ویروس اکثر گاوها (حدود 70%) به صورت حاملان بی‌علامت (از نظر سرمی مثبت) می‌شوند و هیچ علامت بالینی قابل توجهی ندارند. با این حال، نسبت کمی از حیوانات آلوده اشکال لنفوسیتوز پایدار را از خود بروز می‌دهند که با تعداد بالای لنفوسیت‌ها در خون مشخص می‌شود. اگر نظارت و مدیریت صحیح صورت نگیرد، درصد کمی از دام‌های مبتلا به فرم لنفوسیتوز پایدار، دچار لنفوسارکوم خواهند شد. لنفوسارکوم به طور معمول با تشکیل توده‌های توموری در بافت‌های لمفاوی و سایر اعضا خود را نشان می‌دهد و باعث بیماری و کاهش بهره‌وری دام‌های مبتلا می‌شود. علاوه بر این، پژوهش‌های اخیر نشان داده‌اند که بین میزان شیوع سرطان پستان و ریه در انسان و حضور BLV در محیط ارتباطی وجود دارد. این متن مروری است بر تازه‌ترین یافته‌ها درباره BLV با تمرکز بر اپیدمیولوژی، تاثیر بر صنعت دامپروری، پیامدهای شیوع ویروس بر طب و سلامت انسان و ارتباط بین آلل‌های مختلف مجتمع عمده پذیرش بافتی (MHC) و بروز حساسیت و یا مقاومت به بیماری.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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