Amin, O; Heckmann, R; Halajian, A and El-Naggar, A (2011). The morphology of an unique population of Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) from the Caspian seal, Pusa caspica, in the land-locked Caspian Sea using SEM, with special notes on histopathology. Acta Parasitol., 56: 438-445.
Auttila, M; Sinisalo, T; Valtonen, M; Niemi, M; Viljanen, M; Kurkilahti, M and Kunnasranta, M (2015). Diet composition and seasonal feeding patterns of a freshwater ringed seal (Pusa hispida saimensis). Mar. Mam. Sci., 31: 45-65.
Aznar, FJ; Hernández-Orts, JS and Raga, JA (2018). Morphology, performance and attachment function in Corynosoma spp. (Acanthocephala). Parasit. Vectors., 11: 1-11.
Aznar, FJ; Pérez-Ponce de León, G and Raga, JA (2006). Status of Corynosoma (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) based on anatomical, ecological, and phylogenetic evidence, with the erection of Pseudocorynosoma N. Gen. J. Parasitol., 92: 548-564.
Bancroft, JD and Gamble, M (2001). Theory and practice of histological techniques. 5th Edn., Edingburgh, Churchill Livingston. PP: 126-129.
Dmitrieva, L; Jüssi, M; Jüssi, I; Kasymbekov, Y; Verevkin, M; Baimukanov, M and Goodman, SJ (2016). Individual variation in seasonal movements and foraging strategies of a land-locked, ice-breeding pinniped. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 554: 241-256.
Fujita, T; Waga, E; Kitaoka, K; Imagawa, T; Komatsu, Y; Takanashi, K and Fujimori, S (2016). Human infection by acanthocephalan parasites belonging to the genus Corynosoma found from small bowel endoscopy. Parasitol. Int., 65: 491-493.
García-Varela, M; Aznar, FJ; de León, GPP; Piñero, D and Laclette, JP (2005). Molecular phylogeny of Corynosoma Lühe, 1904 (Acanthocephala), based on 5.8 S and internal transcribed spacer sequences. J. Parasitol., 91: 345-352.
Goldstein, JI; Newbury, DE; Michael, JR; Ritchie, NW; Scott, JHJ and Joy, DC (2017). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Springer. PP: 65-88.
Golvan, YJ (1994). Nomenclature of the Acanthocephala. Res. Rev. Parasitol., 54: 135-205.
Golvan, YJ and Mokhayer, B (1973). Acanthocephales des esturgeons de la mer caspienne. Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp., 48: 597-602.
Goodman, S and Dmitrieva, L (2016). Pusa caspica. The IUCN Red List of threatened species 2016: e.T41669A45230700.
Harkonen, T; Harding, KC; Wilson, S; Baimukanov, M; Dmitrieva, L; Svensson, CJ and Goodman, SJ (2012). Collapse of a marine mammal species driven by human impacts. PLoS One., 7: e43130.
Harkonen, T; Jüssi, M; Baimukanov, M; Bignert, A; Dmitrieva, L; Kasimbekov, Y and Goodman, SJ (2008). Pup production and breeding distribution of the Caspian seal (Phoca caspica) in relation to human impacts. Ambio. 37: 356-361.
Hernández-Orts, JS; Brandão, M; Georgieva, S; Raga, JA; Crespo, EA; Luque, JL and Aznar, FJ (2017). From mammals back to birds: Host-switch of the acanthocephalan Corynosoma australe from pinnipeds to the Magellanic penguin Spheniscus magellanicus. PLoS One., 12: e0183809.
Hernández-Orts, JS; Smales, LR; Pinacho-Pinacho, CD; García-Varela, M and Presswell, B (2017). Novel morphological and molecular data for Corynosoma hannae Zdzitowiecki, 1984 (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) from teleosts, fish-eating birds and pinnipeds from New Zealand. Parasitol. Int., 66: 905-916.
Krylov, VI (1990). Ecology of the Caspian seal. Finnish Game Res., 47: 32-36.
Kurochkin, YV (1975). Parasites of the Caspian seal Pusa caspica. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., 169: 363-365.
Miyazaki, N (2001). A review of studies on the ringed, Caspian, and Baikal Seals (Pusa hispida, P. caspica, and P. sibirica). Otsuchi. Mar. Sci., 26: 1-6.
Monks, S (2001). Phylogeny of the Acanthocephala based on morphological characters. Syst. Parasitol., 48: 81-116.
Mousavi, HE; Omidzahir, S; Soltani, M; Shayan, P; Ebrahimzadeh, E; Mousavi, S; and Hoseini, M (2013). Morphometrical and molecular characterization of Gyrodactylus cichlidarum (Gyrodactylidae) from Astronotus ocellatus (Cichlidae) in Iran. Comp. Clin. Path., 22: 1093-1097.
Nickol, BB; Helle, E and Valtonen, ET (2002). Corynosoma magdaleni in gray seals from the Gulf of Bothnia, with emended descriptions of Corynosoma strumosum and Corynosoma magdaleni. J. Parasitol., 88: 1222-1229.
Omidzahir, S; Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, H; Shayan P; Ebrahimzadeh Abkooh, E and Mahmoodzadeh, H (2015). Morphometric and molecular analysis of Gyrodactlus kobayashi in Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758). J. Vet. Res., 70: 425-432.
Pazooki, J; Mansouri-Habibabadi, Z; Masoumian, M and Aghaee-Moghadam, A (2011). Survey on the metazoan parasites in Neogobius fishes from Southeastern part of the Caspian Sea. Iran J. Fish. Sci., 10: 95-104.
Perrin, WF; Wursig, B and Thewissen, JGM (2009). Encyclopedia of marine mammals. 2nd Edn., San Diego, Academic Press. PP: 188-190.
Rahimi-Esboei, B; Najm, M; Shaker, M; Fakhar, M and Mobedi, I (2017). Prevalence of Corynosoma caspicum infection in Gasterosteus aculeatus fish in Caspian Sea, Northern Iran. Iran. Vet. World. 10: 1139-1142.
Sanaee, S; Omidzahir, S; Sayyad Shirazi, A and Akhoundian, M (2020). Seasonal distribution and some
biological parameters of the Caspian seal (Pusa caspica) in the southeastern region of the Caspian Sea. Iran J. Fish. Sci., 19: 2464-2474.
Sattari, M and Mokhayer, B (2005). Occurrence and intensity of some parasites in five sturgeon species (Chondrostei: Acipenseridae) southwest of Caspian Sea. Current. Sci., 89: 259-263.
Schmidt, JD (1985). Development and life cycles. In: (Eds. D.W.T. Crompton and B.B. Nickol) Biology of the Acanthocephala. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. PP: 273-305.
Sharipov, R (2012). Caspian seal (Phoca caspica Gmelin, 1788) and its current status in the Caspian Sea. J. Black Sea/Med. Environ., 18: 350-359.
Silva, RZ; Cousin, JCB and Pereira, JrJ (2013). Corynosoma cetaceum Johnston and Best, 1942 (Acanthocephala, Polymorphidae) in Arctocephalus australis Zimmermann, 1783 (Mammalia: Pinnipedia): histopathology, parasitological indices, seasonality and host gender influences. Estud. Biol., 35: 121-134.
Silva, RZ; Pereira, J and Cousin, JCB (2014). Histological patterns of the intestinal attachment of Corynosoma australe (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) in Arctoce-phalus australis (Mammalia: Pinnipedia). J. Parasit. Dis., 38: 410-416.
)