Molecular detection and characterization of beak and feather disease virus in psittacine birds in Tehran, Iran

Document Type : Full paper (Original article)

Authors

1 Resident of Avian Disease, Department of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Central Veterinary Laboratory, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

4 Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), a member of genus circovirus, is a small, non-enveloped, single stranded DNA virus. Although BFDVs are among the most well studied circoviruses, there is little to no information about BFDVs in Iran. The aim of the present study was to detect and identify BFDV molecules from the birds referred to the avian clinic of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Iran. A total of 55 DNA samples were extracted from birds from nine different species of the order psittaciformes. A robust conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the rep gene of the virus. Ten out of 55 samples, from four different species, were tested positive for BFDVs in PCR (Melopsittacus undulates (4), Psittacula Krameri (3), Psittacus erithacus (2), Platycercus eximius (1)). Molecular identification of the detected BFDVs was performed based on their rep gene sequences. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Iranian BFDVs from this study were clustered into four genetically distinct clades belonging to different genetic subtypes of BFDVs (L1, N1, T1, and I4). Although the relation between the samples and their related subtypes in the tree are discussed, further studies are needed to elucidate the host specificity and incidence of the BFDVs from different genetic subtypes.

Keywords

References

Bassami, MR; Berryman, D; Wilcox, GE and Raidal, SR (1998). Psittacine beak and feather disease virus nucleotide sequence analysis and its relationship to porcine circovirus, plant circoviruses and chicken anaemia virus. J. Virol., 249: 453-459.
Bassami, MR; Ypelaar, I; Berryman, D; Wilcox, GE and Raidal, SR (2001). Genetic diversity of beak and feather disease virus detected in psittacine species in Australia. J. Virol., 279: 392-400.
Bert, E; Tomassone, L; Peccati, C; Navarrete, MG and Sola, SC (2005). Detection of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) and avian polyomavirus (APV) DNA in psittacine birds in Italy. J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health. 52: 64-68.
De Kloet, E and de Kloet, SR (2004). Analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates the existence of several genotypes which have a complex psittacine host specificity. Arch. Virol., 149: 2393-2412.
Ha, HJ; Anderson, IL; Alley, MR; Springett, BP and Gartrell, BD (2007). The prevalence of beak and feather disease virus infection in wild populations of parrots and cockatoos in New Zealand. N. Z. Vet. J., 55: 235-238.
Hakimuddin, F; Abidi, F; Jafer, O; Li, C; Wernery, U; Hebel, Ch and Khazanehdari, K (2015). Incidence and detection of beak and feather disease virus in psittacine birds in the UAE. Biomol. Detect.Quantif., 11: 27-32.
Halami, MY; Nieper, H; Müller, H and Johne, R (2008). Detection of a novel circovirus in mute swans (Cygnus olor) by using nested broad-spectrum PCR. Vir. Res., 132: 208-212.
Hattermann, K; Schmitt, C; Soike, D and Mankertz, A (2003). Cloning and sequencing of duck circovirus (DuCV). Arch. Virol., 148: 2471-2480.
Heath, L; Martin, DP; Warburton, L; Perrin, M; Horsfield, W; Kingsley, C; Rybicki, EP and Williamson, AL (2004). Evidence of unique genotypes of beak and feather disease virus in Southern Africa. J. Virol., 78: 9277-9284.
Hsu, CM; Ko, CY and Tsaia, HJ (2006). Detection and sequence analysis of avian polyomavirus and psittacine beak and feather disease virus from psittacine birds in Taiwan. Avian Dis., 50: 348-353.
Hughes, AL and Piontkivska, H (2008). Nucleotide sequence polymorphism in circoviruses. Infect. Genet. Evol., 8: 130-138.
Jing, G; Tian, J; Tan, X; Yu, H; Ding, S; Sun, H and Yu, X (2011). Pathological observations of an experimental infection of geese with goose circovirus. Avian Pathol., 40: 55-61.
Johne, R; Fernandez-de-Luco, D; Hofle, U and Müller, H (2006). Genome of a novel circovirus of starlings, amplified by multiply primed rolling-circle amplification. J. Gen. Virol., 87: 1189-1195.
Johne, R; Raue, R; Grund, C; Kaleta, EF and Müller, H (2004). Recombinant expression of a truncated capsid protein of beak and feather disease virus and its application in serological tests. Avian Pathol., 33: 328-336.
Julian, L; Piasecki, T; Chrzastek, K; Walters, M; Muhire, B; Harkins, GW; Martin, DP and Varsani, A (2013). Extensive recombination detected among beak and feather disease virus isolates from breeding facilities in Poland. J. Gen. Virol., 94: 1086-1095.
Khalesi, B; Bonne, N; Stewart, M; Sharp, M and Raidal, SA (2005). Comparison of haemagglutination, haemagglu-tination inhibition and PCR for the detection of psittacine beak and feather disease virus infection and a comparison of isolates obtained from loriids. J. Gen. Virol., 86: 3039-3046.
Maclachlan, NJ; Edward, JD and Fenner, F (2011). Fenner’s veterinary virology. 4th Edn., Amsterdam: Elsevier/AP. PP: 237-241.
Mansoori, J (2013). A guide to the birds of IRAN. 3rd Edn., Tehran: Farzaneh Books. P: 279.
Mészáros, I; Tóth, R; Bálint, A; Dán, A; Jordan, I and Zádori, Z (2014). Propagation of viruses infecting waterfowl on continuous cell lines of Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) origin. Avian Pathol., 43: 379-386.
Nei, M and Kumar, S (2000). Molecular evolution and phylogenetics. 1st Edn., Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.
Paré, JN and Robert, N (2007). Circovirus. In: Thomas, NJ; Hunter, DB and Atkinson, CT (Eds.) Infectious diseases of wild birds. (1st Edn.), Ames, IA: Blackwell Pub., PP: 194-205.
Phenix, KV; Weston, JH; Ypelaar, I; Lavazza, A; Smyth, JA; Todd, D; Wilcox, GE and Raidal, SR (2001). Nucleotide sequence analysis of a novel circovirus of canaries and its relationship to other members of the genus circovirus of the family Circoviridae. J. Gen. Virol., 82: 2805-2809.
Rahaus, M and Wolff, MH (2003). Psittacine beak and feather disease: a first survey of the distribution of beak and feather disease virus inside the population of captive psittacine birds in Germany. J. Vet. Med. B Infect. Dis. Vet. Public Health. 50: 368-371.
Rampin, T; Manarolla, G; Pisoni, G; Recordati, C and Sironi, G (2006). Circovirus inclusion bodies in intestinal muscle cells of a canary. Avian Pathol., 35: 277-279.
Raue, R; Johne, R; Crosta, L; Bürkle, M; Gerlach, H and Müller, H (2004). Nucleotide sequence analysis of a C1 gene fragment of psittacine beak and feather disease virus amplified by real-time polymerase chain reaction indicates a possible existence of genotypes. Avian Pathol., 33: 41-50.
Rinder, M; Schmitz, A; Peschel, A and Korbel, R (2015). Complete genome sequence of a novel circovirus from zebra finch. Genome Announc., 3(3): e00560-15. doi:
10.1128/genomeA.00560-15.
Ritchie, PA; Anderson, IL and Lambert, DM (2003). Evidence for specificity of psittacine beak and feather disease viruses among avian hosts. J. Virol., 306: 109-115.
Robino, P; Grego, E; Rossi, G; Bert, E; Tramuta, C; Stella, MC; Bertoni, P and Nebbia, P (2014). Molecular analysis and associated pathology of beak and feather disease virus isolated in Italy from young Congo African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) with an “atypical peracute form” of the disease. Avian Pathol., 43: 333-344.
Sarker, S; Ghorashi, SA; Forwood, JK and Raidal, SR (2013). Whole-genome sequences of two beak and feather disease viruses in the endangered swift parrot (Lathamus discolor). Genome Announc., 1: e00842-e00913.
Schmidt, RE and lightfood, TL (2006). Integument. In: Harrison, GJ and Lightfoot, TL (Eds.), Clinical avian medicine. (1st Edn.), Palm Beach, FL: Spix Pub., PP: 399-401.
Schmidt, RE; Reavill, DR and Phalen, DN (2015). Pathology of pet and aviary birds. 2nd Edn., Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Pub., PP: 178-179, 248-250.
Shearer, PL; Sharp, M; Bonne, N; Clark, P and Raidal, SR (2009). A blocking ELISA for the detection of antibodies to psittacine beak and feather disease virus. J. Virol. Methods. 158: 136-140.
Soike, D; Kohler, B and Albrecht, K (1999). A circovirus-like infection in geese related to a runting syndrome. Avian Pathol., 28: 199-202.
Stewart, ME; Perry, R and Raidal, SR (2006). Identification of a novel circovirus in Australian ravens (Corvus coroboides) with feather disease. Avian Pathol., 35: 86-92.
Tajima, F and Nei, M (1984). Estimation of evolutionary distance between nucleotide sequences. Mol. Bio. Evol., 1: 269-285.
Tamura, K; Stecher, G; Peterson, D; Filipski, A and Kumar, S (2013). MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 6.0. Mol. Bio. Evol., 30: 2725-2729.
Todd, D (2000). Circoviruses: immunosuppressive threats to avian species: a review. Avian Pathol., 29: 373-394.
Todd, D; Duchatel, JP; Weston, JH; Ball, NW; Borghmans, BJ; Moffett, DA and Smyth, JA (2002). Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction and dot blot hybridization tests in the diagnosis of pigeon circovirus infections. Vet. Microbiol., 89: 1-16.
Todd, D; Fringuelli, E; Scott, ANJ; Borghmans, BJ; Duchatel, JP; Shivaprasad, HL; Raidal, SR; Abadie, JX; Franciosini, MP and Smyth, JA (2008). Sequence comparison of pigeon circoviruses. Res. In. Vet. Sci., 84: 311-319.
Todd, D; Scott, ANJ; Fringuelli, E; Shivraprasad, HL; Gavier-Widen, D and Smyth, JA (2007). Molecular characterization of novel circoviruses from finch and gull. Avian Pathol., 36: 75-81.
Varsani, A; Regnard, GL; Bragg, R; Hitzeroth, II and Rybicki, EP (2011). Global genetic diversity and geographical and host-species distribution of beak and feather disease virus isolates. J. Gen. Virol., 92: 752-767.
Woods, LW; Latimer, KS; Barr, BC; Niagro, FD; Campagnoli, RP; Nordhausen, RW and Castro, AE (1993). Circovirus-like infection in a pigeon. J. Vet. Diag. Invest., 5: 609-612.
Ypelaar, I; Bassami, MR; Wilcox, GE and Raidal, SR (1999). A universal polymerase chain reaction for the detection of psittacine beak and feather disease virus. Vet. Microbiol., 68: 141-148.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics