First report on the dual infection with emerging viruses, Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) and Tilapia Parvovirus (TiPV) in the wild Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Pulicat Lagoon, Tamil Nadu, India

Document Type : Full paper (Original article)

Authors

1 M.F.Sc Student in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu 601 204, India

2 Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu 601 204, India

3 Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Ponneri, Tamil Nadu 601 204, India

10.22099/ijvr.2025.51313.7618

Abstract

Background: Pulicat Lagoon, Tamil Nadu, India, is a major fish landing site supporting the livelihoods of local fishing communities. Despite its ecological and economic importance, information on viral diseases affecting its fish populations remains limited. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of viral infections in the tilapia population of Pulicat Lagoon. Methods: Active surveillance was conducted from November 2023 to July 2024. Collected tilapia samples were screened for viral pathogens using PCR, followed by sequencing and histopathological analysis for confirmation. Results: Among 314 tilapia samples collected and analyzed, 54 (17.19%) tested positive for viral infections, including Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) (13.69%), Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) (9.25%), and co-infections with both TiLV and TiPV (6.68%). PCR-positive samples were predominantly detected from January to March 2024, indicating a higher prevalence during the post-monsoon season. Sequencing and histopathological examinations confirmed the presence of these viruses. Conclusion: The findings of this study on the detection of TiLV and TiPV in tilapia populations from Pulicat Lagoon, located in Tiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, India, can play a crucial role in raising awareness among aquaculture farmers in nearby regions to implement effective biosecurity measures, as well as among researchers and local fishing communities who rely on the lagoon’s fish stocks for their livelihoods.

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References

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