Occurrence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in goat and sheep milk from four rural and tribal regions, Fars province, Iran

Document Type : Full paper (Original article)

Authors

1 DVM Student, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student in Food Hygiene, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

3 Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran

4 Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

5 Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

6 MSc in Microbiology, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

Abstract

Background: Raw sheep and goat milk may harbor major foodborne pathogens of public health concern, including Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7. The rising issue of antimicrobial resistance further underscores the need for monitoring these contaminants. Aims: This research paper describes a survey of the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in milk samples from goat and sheep herds, located in Fars province, Iran. Methods: A total number of 110 milk samples from 50 goat and sheep herds located in tribal and rural regions were investigated for pathogenic organisms. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: None of the samples showed the presence of Salmonella. Four samples (3.6%) from three rural herds contained L. monocytogenes, all positive for the species-specific virulence gene hlyA. E. coli O157:H7 was detected in five milk samples (4.5%) belonging to four rural herds. The four virulence genes (stx1, stx2, eae, and ehlyA), and two serotyping genes (rfbE, and fliC) were found in all E. coli O157:H7 isolates. The somatic cell count of contaminated samples was lower than the US legal limit of 1.0 × 106 cells/ml; milk contamination was not, therefore, related to the mastitis. All L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The E. coli O157:H7 isolates exhibited full or intermediate resistance to ampicillin, cefixime, and chloramphenicol, but they were susceptible to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Conclusion: Despite the low occurrence, the presence of foodborne pathogens in raw milk reinforces the need to control the sale and consumption of raw milk dairy products in rural and tribal regions where goat and sheep farming is of great economic importance.

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References

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