Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in apparently healthy cats regarding age, gender, breed, diet type, reproductive status, and housing condition

Document Type : Short paper

Authors

1 Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

2 DVSc Student, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Background: Optimal vitamin D levels for an effective role in immune function and rickets prevention are thought to vary, but have not yet been definitively determined. Reports on reference values of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in cats are limited. Aims: The study provides information about serum 25(OH)D values in cats with different age, gender, breed, diet type, reproductive status, housing condition, and also the relationship between these levels and various hematological and biochemical parameters. Methods: Clinically healthy cats (88) were included in the study. Physical examination and assessment of hematological and biochemical parameters were performed on cats in order to confirm their health status. Reference value of serum 25(OH)D was assayed by ELISA method and the effects of age (under six months and above six months), gender, breed, diet (only commercial diet, only homemade food, mixture of commercial and homemade food), reproduction status, and housing conditions on serum 25(OH)D was determined. Results: The median, 2.5% and 97.5% of 25(OH)D in sampled cats were 19.74 ng/ml, 3.12 ng/ml, and 92.1 ng/ml, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was lower when homemade diet was used compared to commercial and mixed diets as well as in cats under six months of age compared to older cats. Conclusion: Diet type and age can affect serum 25(OH)D levels in healthy cats while other parameters had no significant effects.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahmadi, S and Mohri, M (2021). New outlook to vitamin D functions in dairy cows: non-classical roles. Iran. J. Vet. Sci. Techno., 13: 1-11.
Alizadeh, K; Ahmadi, S; Sarchahi, AA and Mohri, M (2022). The effects of age, sex, breed, diet, reproductive status and housing condition on the amounts of 25 (OH) vitamin D in the serum of healthy dogs: Reference values. Vet. Med. Sci., 8: 2360-2366.
Cline, J (2012). Calcium and vitamin D metabolism, deficiency, and excess. Top. Comp. Anim. Med., 27: 159-164.
da Fonseca, FM; Beltrame, OC; Seixas, SV; Laskoski, LM; Félix, AP and Locatelli-Dittrich, R (2020). Serum concentration of 25 (OH) vitamin D in healthy dogs: factors as age, sex, and diet. Comp. Clin. Pathol., 29: 697-703.
Fahey, JrGC; Barry, KA and Swanson, KS (2008). Age-related changes in nutrient utilization by companion animals. Annu. Rev. Nutr., 28: 425-445.
Girard, N; Servet, E; Hennet, P and Biourge, V (2010). Tooth resorption and vitamin D3 status in cats fed premium dry diets. J. Vet. Dent., 27: 142-147.
Hazewinkel, HA and Tryfonidou, MA (2002). Vitamin D3 metabolism in dogs. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 197: 23-33.
Hurst, EA; Homer, NZ and Mellanby, RJ (2020). Vitamin D metabolism and profiling in veterinary species. Metabolites. 10: 371.
Lalor, SM; Mellanby, RJ; Friend, EJ; Bowlt, KL; Berry, J and Gunn-Moore, D (2012). Domesticated cats with active mycobacteria infections have low serum vitamin D (25 (OH) D) concentrations. Trans. Emerg. Dis., 59: 279-281.
Morris, JG (1999). Ineffective vitamin D synthesis in cats is reversed by an inhibitor of 7-dehydrocholestrol-Δ7-reductase. J. Nutr., 129: 903-908.
Morris, JG (2002a). Cats discriminate between cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 86: 229-238.
Morris, JG (2002b). Idiosyncratic nutrient requirements of
cats appear to be diet-induced evolutionary adaptations. Nutr. Res. Rev., 15: 153-168.
Morris, JG; Earle, KE and Anderson, PA (1999). Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D in growing kittens is related to dietary intake of cholecalciferol. J. Nutr., 129: 909-912.
Paßlack, N; Schmiedchen, B; Raila, J; Schweigert, FJ; Stumpff, F; Kohn, B; Neumann, K and Zentek, J (2016). Impact of increasing dietary calcium levels on calcium excretion and vitamin D metabolites in the blood of healthy adult cats. PLoS One. 11: e0149190.
Parker, VJ; Rudinsky, AJ and Chew, DJ (2017). Vitamin D metabolism in canine and feline medicine. JAVMA, 250: 1259-1269.
Pineda, C; Aguilera-Tejero, E; Guerrero, F; Raya, AI; Rodriguez, M and Lopez, I (2013). Mineral metabolism in growing cats: changes in the values of blood parameters with age. J. Fel. Med. Surg., 15: 866-871.
Sprinkle, MC; Hooper, SE and Backus, RC (2018). Previously undescribed vitamin D C-3 epimer occurs in substantial amounts in the blood of cats. J. Fel. Med. Surg., 20: 83-90.
Titmarsh, HF; Cartwright, JA; Kilpatrick, S; Gaylor, D; Milne, EM; Berry, JL; Bommer, NX; Gunn-Moore, D; Reed, N; Handel, I and Mellanby, RJ (2017). Relationship between vitamin D status and leukocytes in hospitalised cats. J. Fel. Med. Surg., 19: 364-369.
Titmarsh, HF; Lalor, SM; Tasker, S; Barker, EN; Berry, J; Gunn-More, D and Mellanby, RJ (2015). Vitamin D status in cats with feline immunodeficiency virus. Vet. Med. Sci., 1: 72-78.
Titmarsh, HF; Woods, GA; Cartwright, JA; Kilpatrick, S; Gaylor, D; Berry, J; Gow, A; Bommer, NX; Gunn-Moore, D; Handel, I and Mellanby, RJ (2020). Low vitamin D status is associated with anaemia in hospitalised cats. Vet. Rec., 187: e6.
Tryfonidou, MA; Holl, MS; Stevenhagen, JJ; Buurman, CJ; Deluca, HF; Oosterlaken-Dijksterhuis, MA; Van Den Brom, WE; Van Leeuwen, JP and Hazewinkel, HA (2003). Dietary 135-fold cholecalciferol supplementation severely disturbs the endochondral ossification in growing dogs. Domes. Anim. Endocrinol., 24: 265-285.
Ware, WA; Freeman, LM; Rush, JE; Ward, JL; Makowski, AJ and Zhang, M (2020). Vitamin D status in cats with cardiomyopathy. J. Vet. Inter. Med., 34: 1389-1398.
Zafalon, RV; Risolia, LW; Pedrinelli, V; Vendramini, TH; Rodrigues, RB; Amaral, AR; Kogika, MM and Brunetto, MA (2020). Vitamin D metabolism in dogs and cats and its relation to diseases not associated with bone metabolism. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 104: 322-342.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics