اپیدمیولوژی مولکولی، عوامل خطر مرتبط و فیلوژنی تیلریا آنولاتا آلوده کننده گاومیش‌ها و گاوهای مناطق مختلف کشاورزی-اقلیمی پنجاب، پاکستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل

نویسندگان

چکیده

پیشینه: تیلریوز حاره‌ای شایع‌ترین بیماری ناشی از تک یاخته‌های خونی در پاکستان است. هدف: هدف از مطالعه حاضر بررسی اپیدمیولوژی و رابطه تکاملی تیلریا آنولاتا آلوده کننده گاومیش‌ها و گاوهای مناطق مختلف کشاورزی-اقلیمی پنجاب پاکستان بود. روش کار: 800 نمونه خون از گاوها (480 نمونه) و گاومیش‌های (320 نمونه) بدون علامت مناطق سرگودها (400 نمونه) و مولتان (400 نمونه) با روش نمونه‌گیری چند مرحله‌ای جمع آوری شد. نمونه‌ها با روش ارزیابی میکروسکوپی اسمیر خونی و واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز برای ژن سیتوکروم بی بررسی شدند. 20 نمونه از شوراهای اتحادیه هر منطقه جمع آوری شد. نتایج: شیوع کلی تیلریا آنولاتا در جمعیت مورد مطالعه 9% و 13/17% بود که به ترتیب با استفاده از آنالیز اسمیر خون و واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز به دست آمد. درصد مثبت بودن بیماری در گاو و گاومیش به ترتیب با غربالگری اسمیر خون 21/10% و 42/20% و با روش واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلیمراز 19/7% و 19/12% گزارش گردید. شیوع کلی در مناطق سرگودها و مولتان نیز به ترتیب 19% و 25/15% با روش PCR تعیین شد. عدم حضور طیور در مناطق روستایی، آلودگی به کنه و سابقه بیماری‌های قابل انتقال از طریق کنه در گاوها تاثیر معنی‌داری داشتند. در حالی که آلودگی به کنه و سن، عوامل مهم آماری تعیین کننده بیماری در گاومیش‌ها بودند. تجزیه و تحلیل تکاملی ژن سیتوکروم بی نشان داد که جدایه پاکستانی آلوده کننده گاومیش‌ها به جدایه‌های ایران، هند، مصر و سودان شباهت دارد. جدایه گاوها از نظر ژنتیکی به نمونه‌های پاکستان، هند، ایران، عراق و ترکیه نزدیک است. نتیجه‌گیری: عوامل زیستی و غیرزیستی در بروز بیماری نقش دارند. مطالعه حاضر به طراحی استراتژی‌های کنترل برای جلوگیری از زیان‌های اقتصادی قابل توجه کمک خواهد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


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