Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of VIIl sub-genotype of avian orthoavulavirus 1 isolated from Eurasian magpie (Pica pica)

Document Type : Short paper

Authors

1 Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special of Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran

2 Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special of Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran

3 BSc Student in Veterinary Laboratory Sciences, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special of Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran

Abstract

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) has been categorized as a highly contagious viral disease, remaining as a constant threat to both wild birds and commercial chickens. Aims: In this study, we recovered and characterized the avian orthoavulavirus 1 (AOaV-1) strain, nominated as EM1, from the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica). Methods: The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the fusion protein (F protein) of EM1 were determined and its phylogenetic relationship was investigated with well-characterized AOaV-1 genotypes, which originated from wild bird species and chickens around the world. Results: Phylogenetic analysis and deduced amino acid sequences of the F gene revealed that EM1 virus belonged to VIIl sub-genotype viruses with the characteristic multibasic amino acid sequences associated with the velogenic motif as 112RRQKRF117 at the cleavage site of its precursor fusion protein. EM1 shared a high level of similarity to the other virus sub-genotypes in nucleotide and amino acid sequences of F protein. Furthermore, the evolutionary difference between the studied virus and viruses belonging to the VIIl sub-genotype indicated that a close relatedness and the possibility of a common origin. Conclusion: These results show that the virulent AOaV-1 of sub-genotype VIIl is circulating continuously in Iran, and is disseminating among wild and domestic bird species that can cause bidirectional spillover infection. Therefore, further epidemiological studies can be beneficial in the assessment of the evolution of AOaV-1 in its hosts and will help us to be well-equipped in facing the emergence of new sub-genotypes of this virus.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Alexander, DJ (2011). Newcastle disease in the European Union 2000 to 2009. Avian Pathol., 40: 547-558.
Courtney, SC; Susta, L; Gomez, D; Hines, LN; Pedersen, JC; Brown, CC; Miller, PJ and Afonsoa, CL (2013). Highly divergent virulent isolates of Newcastle disease virus from the Dominican Republic are members of a New Genotype that may have evolved unnoticed for over 2 decades. J. Clin. Microbiol., 51: 508-517.
Czegledi, A; Ujvari, D; Somogyi, E; Wehmann, E; Werner, O and Lomniczi, B (2006). Third genome size category of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and evolutionary implications. Virus Res., 120: 36-48.
Diel, DG; da Silva, LH; Liu, H; Wang, Z; Miller, PJ and Afonso, CL (2012). Genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 1: proposal for a unified nomenclature and classification system of Newcastle disease virus genotypes. Infect. Genet. Evol., 12: 1770-1779.
Dimitrov, KM; Bolotin, V; Muzyka, D; Goraichuk, IV; Solodiankin, O; Gerilovych, A; Stegniy, B;
Goujgoulova, GV; Silko, NY; Pantin-Jackwood, MJ; Miller, PJ and Afonso, CL (2016). Repeated isolation of virulent Newcastle disease viruses of sub-genotype VIId from backyard chickens in Bulgaria and Ukraine between 2002 and 2013. Arch. Virol., 161: 3345-3353.
ICTV (2018). Virus taxonomy: the classification and nomenclature of viruses. The Online Report of the ICTV. https://talk.ictvonline.org/taxonomy/. Accessed July 2019, Budapest, Hungary.
Kant, A; Koch, G; Van Roozelaar, DJ; Balk, F and Huurne, AT (1997). Differentiation of virulent and non-virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus within 24 hours by polymerase chain reaction. Avian Pathol., 26: 837-849.
Kimura, M (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J. Mol. Evol., 16: 111-120.
Kumar, S; Stecher, G and Tamura, K (2016). MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol., 33: 1870-1874.
Miller, PJ; Decanini, EL and Afonso, CL (2010). Newcastle disease: evolution of genotypes and the related diagnostic challenges. Infect. Genet. Evol., 10: 26-35.
Molouki, A; Mehrabadi, MHF; Bashashati, M; Akhijahani, MM; Lim, SHE and Hajloo, SA (2019). NDV subgenotype VII(L) is currently circulating in commercial broiler farms of Iran, 2017-2018. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 51: 1247-1252.
Qin, ZM; Tan, LT; Xu, HY; Ma, BC; Wang, YL; Yuan, XY and Liu, WJ (2008). Pathotypical characterization and molecular epidemiology of Newcastle disease virus isolates from different hosts in China from 1996 to 2005. J. Clin. Microbiol., 42: 601-611.
Rahman, AU; Habib, M and Shabbir, MZ (2018). Adaptation of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in feral birds and their potential role in interspecies transmission. Open Virol. J., 12: 52-68.
Sabouri, F; Vasfi Marandi, V and Bashashati, M (2017). Characterization of a novel VIIl sub-genotype of Newcastle disease virus circulating in Iran. Avian Pathol., 47: 90-99.
Sergel, T; McGinnes, L and Morrison, T (1993). Role of a conserved sequence in the maturation and function of the NDV HN glycoprotein. Virus Res., 30: 281-294.
Shengqing, Y; Kishida, N; Ito, H; Kida, H; Otsuki, K; Kawaoka, Y and Ito, T (2002). Generation of velogenic Newcastle disease viruses from a nonpathogenic waterfowl isolate by passaging in chickens. Virology. 301: 206-211.
Steward, M; Vipond, IB; Millar, NS and Emmerson, PT (1993). RNA editing in Newcastle disease virus. J. Gen. Virol., 74: 2539-2547.

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics