Molecular characterization of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene among virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Iran

Document Type : Full paper (Original article)

Authors

1 Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

4 Quality Control Management, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Background: Virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) causes great economic losses to the poultry industry throughout the world. Despite the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) and occurrence of recurrent outbreaks, the nature and genetic features of circulating NDV strains in Iran are largely unknown. Aims: This study was conducted to characterize 13 NDV isolates obtained from different outbreaks in various regions of Iran during 1999-2000 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of complete coding sequences of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. Methods: All isolates were analyzed based on the previously determined in vivo pathogenicity indices and amino acid (aa) sequences of fusion (F) protein cleavage site (FPCS). Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on the HN gene coding region revealed a very close relationship of these viruses with the recently defined genotype XIII, and more specifically, subgenotype XIIIa viruses. Analysis of HN gene nucleotide (nt) sequences revealed that all studied isolates encode for a protein length of 571 aa and there is no C-terminal extension on HN aa sequences. Sequence analysis revealed multiple aa residue substitutions at antigenic sites or neutralizing epitopes on the HN glycoprotein of studied viruses compared with commonly used vaccinal strains. Conclusion: In this study, molecular characterization of vNDV isolates, obtained from commercial poultry farms in Iran, were conducted through complete sequencing and analysis of HN gene. Isolation and molecular characterization of further NDV isolates from other parts of Iran and from neighboring countries in the region will be helpful to identify the nature and origin of indigenous viruses.

Keywords


Abdoshah, M; Pourbakhsh, SA; Peighambari, SM; Shojadoost, B; Momayez, R and Mojahedi, Z (2012). Pathogenicity indices of Newcastle Disease viruses isolated from Iranian poultry flocks in Iran. J. Vet. Res., 67: 159-164.
Alexander, DJ; Aldous, EW and Fuller, CM (2012). The long view: a selective review of 40 years of Newcastle disease research. Avian Pathol., 41: 329-335.
Asl Najjari, AH; Nili, H; Asasi, K; Mosleh, N; Rohollahzadeh, H and Mokhayeri, S (2017). Efficacy of thermostable I-2 Newcastle disease vaccine compared to B1 commercial vaccine in broiler chicken. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 18: 103-107.
Cattoli, G; Fusaro, A; Monne, I; Molia, S; Le Menach, A; Maregeya, B; Nchare, B; Bangana, I; Garba Maina, A; N’Goran Koffi, JN; Thiam, H; Bezeid, OEMA; Salviato, A; Nisi, R; Terregino, C and Capua, I (2010). Emergence of a new genetic lineage of Newcastle disease virus in west and central Africa-implications for diagnosis and control. Vet. Microbiol., 142: 168-176.
Connaris, H; Takimoto, T; Russell, R; Crennell, S; Moustafa, I; Portner, A and Taylor, G (2002). Probing the sialic acid binding site of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus identification of key amino acids involved in cell binding, catalysis, and fusion. J. Virol., 76: 1816-1824.
Czeglédi, A; Ujvari, D; Somogyi, E; Wehmanna, E; Werner, O and Lomniczi, B (2006). Third genome size category of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) and evolutionary implications. Virus Res., 120: 36-48.
De Almeida, RS; Hammoumi, S; Gil, P; Briand, F; Molia, S; Gaidet, N; Cappelle, J; Chevalier, V; Balanc, G; Traore, A; Grillet, C; Maminiaina, OF; Guendouz, S; Dakouo, M; Samake, K; El Mamy Bezeid, O; Diarra, A; Chaka, H; Goutard, F; Thompson, P; Martinez, D; Jestin, V and Albina, E (2013). New avian Paramyxo-viruses type I strains identified in Africa provide new outcomes for phylogeny reconstruction and genotype classification. PLoS One., 8: e76413. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0076413.
Diel, DG; da Silva, LHA; Liu, H; Wang, Z; Miller, PJ and Afonso, CL (2012). Genetic diversity of avian paramyxo-virus type 1 proposal for a unified nomenclature and classification system of Newcastle disease virus genotypes. Infect. Genet. Evol., 12: 1770-1779.
Dortmans, JCFM; Koch, G; Rottier, PJM; Peeters, BPH and Gen, J (2009). Virulence of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 does not always correlate with the cleavability of its fusion protein. Virology. 90: 2746-2755.
Ebrahimi, MM; Shahsavandi, S; Moazenijula, GR and Shamsara, M (2012). Phylogeny and evolution of Newcastle disease virus genotypes isolated in Asia during 2008-2011. Virus Genes. 45: 63-68.
Esmaelizad, M and Ashtiani, MP (2015). Comparative analysis of sialidase protein in velogenic and lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus. Acta Virol., 59: 194-198.
Esmaelizad, M; Ashtiani, MP; Jelokhani-Niaraki, S and Hashemnejad, K (2012). Identification of 23 specific nucleotide patterns in the HN gene of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from Iran. Turk. J. Biol., 36: 135-142.
Esmaelizad, M; Mayahi, V; Pashaei, M and Goudarzi, H (2017). Identification of novel Newcastle disease virus sub-genotype VII-(j) based on the fusion protein. Arch. Virol., 162: 971-978.
Hall, TA (1999). BioEdit a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95-98-NT. Nucl. Acids Symp. Ser., 41: 95-98.
Hemmatzadeh, F and Kazemimanesh, M (2017). Detection of specific antigens of Newcastle disease virus using an absorbed Western blotting method. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 18: 92-96.
Hosseini, H; Ghalyanchi Langeroudi, A and Torabi, R (2014). Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Newcastle Disease Viruses isolated in Iran, 2010-2012. Avian Dis., 58: 373-376.
Iorio, RM; Syddall, RJ; Sheehan, JP; Bratt, MA; Glickman, RL and Riel, AM (1991). Neutralization map of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus domains recognized by monoclonal antibodies that prevent receptor recognition. J. Virol., 65: 4999-5006.
Jakhesara, SJ; Prasad, VVSP; Pal, JK; Jhala, MK; Prajapati, KS and Joshi, CG (2016). Pathotypic and sequence characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses from vaccinated chickens reveals circulation of genotype II, IV and XIII in India. Transbound. Emerg. Dis., 63: 523-539.
Jorgensen, ED; Collins, PL and Lomedico, PT (1987). Cloning and nucleotide sequence of Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase mRNA: identification of a putative sialic acid binding site. Virology. 156: 12-24.
Kai, Y; Hu, Z; Xu, H; Hu, S; Zhu, J; Hu, J; Wang, X; Liu, X and Liu, X (2015). The M, F and HN genes of genotype VIId Newcastle disease virus are associated with the severe pathological changes in the spleen of chickens. Virol. J., 12: 133.
Kumar, U and Kumar, S (2015). Molecular characterization of an apoptotic strain of Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in India. Cancer. Gene. Ther., 22: 402-409.
Kumar, S; Stecher, G and Tamura, K (2016). MEGA7 Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol., 33: 1870-1874.
Lamb, RA and Kolakofsky, D (1996). Paramyxoviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Fields, BN; Knipe, DM and Howley, PM (Eds.), Fields virology. (3rd Edn.), Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven. PP: 1177-1203.
Linde, AM; Munir, M; Zohari, S; Ståhl, K; Baule, C; Renström, L and Berg, M (2010). Complete genome characterisation of a Newcastle disease virus isolated during an outbreak in Sweden in 1997. Virus Genes. 41: 165-173.
Mayahi, V and Esmaelizad, M (2017). Molecular evolution and epidemiological links study of Newcastle disease virus isolates from 1995 to 2016 in Iran. Arch. Virol., 162: 3727-3743.
Mayo, MA (2002a). Virus taxonomy-Houston 2002. Arch. Virol., 147: 1071-1076.
Mayo, MA (2002b). A summary of taxonomic changes recently approved by ICTV. Arch. Virol., 147: 1655-1656.
McGinnes, LV and Morrison, TG (1995). Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein and comparisons of paramyxovirus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein sequences. Virology. 212: 398-410.
Miller, PJ; Haddas, R; Simanov, L; Lublin, A; Rehmani, SF; Wajid, A; Bibi, T; Khan, TA; Yaqub, T; Setiyaningsih, S and Afonso, CL (2015). Identification of new sub-genotypes of virulent Newcastle disease virus with potential panzootic features. Infect. Genet. Evol., 29: 216-229.
Miller, PJ and Koch, G (2013). Newcastle disease, other avian paramyxoviruses, and avian metapneumovirus infections. In: Swayne, DE; Glisson, JR; McDougald, LR; Nolan, LK; Suarez, DL and Nair, V (Eds.), Diseases of poultry. (13th Edn.), Ames, Wiley-Blackwell. PP: 89-107.
Mohamed, MHA; Kumar, S; Paldurai, A; Megahed, MM; Ghanem, IA; Lebdah, MA and Samal, SK (2009). Complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in chickens in Egypt. Virus Genes. 39: 234-237.
Morla, S; Tiwari, KA; Joshi, V and Kumar, S (2014). Complete genome sequence of a Newcastle disease virus isolate from an outbreak in northern India. Genome Announc. 2. pii: e00342-14.
Munir, M; Zohari, S; Abbas, M and Berg, M (2012). Sequencing and analysis of the complete genome of Newcastle disease virus isolated from a commercial poultry farm in 2010. Arch. Virol., 157: 765-768.
OIE (2004). Newcastle disease (chapter 2.1.15) from OIE manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/HPAI/resources/ Additional%20Resources/OIEManual2_1_15.pdf.
Ramey, AM; Reeves, AB; Ogawa, H; Ip, HS; Imai, K; Bui, VN; Yamaguchi, E; Silko, NY and Afonso, CL (2013). Genetic diversity and mutation of avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (Newcastle disease virus) in wild birds and evidence for intercontinental spread. Arch. Virol., 158: 2495-2503.
Rezaei Far, A; Peighambari, SM; Pourbakhsh, SA; Ashtari, A and Soltani, M (2017). Co-circulation of genetically distinct groups of avian paramyxovirus type 1 in pigeon Newcastle Disease in Iran. Avian Pathol., 46: 36-43.
Sabouri, F; Vasfi Marandi, M; Karimi, V; Malekan, M and Bashashati, M (2016). Genetic analysis of avian paramyxovirus type I strains isolated from backyard poultry in Iran. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 40: 750-756.
Sakaguchi, T; Toyoda, T; Gotoh, B; Inocencio, NM; Kuma, K; Miyata, T and Nagai, Y (1989). Newcastle disease virus evolution I. Multiple lineages defined by sequence variability of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene. Virology. 169: 260-272.
Samadi, S; Kianizadeh, M; Najafi, MF; Mousavi Nasab, SD; Davatgar, AMH; Royaee, A and Pilvar, P (2014). Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of velogenic Newcastle disease virus isolates in Iran. Virus Genes. 48: 290-295.
Seal, BS (1995). Analysis of matrix protein gene nucleotide sequence diversity among Newcastle disease virus isolates demonstrates that recent disease outbreaks are caused by viruses of psittacine origin. Virus Genes. 11: 217-224.
Snoeck, CL; Owoade, AA; Couacy-Hymann, E; Alkali, BR; Okwen, MP; Adeyanju, AT; Komoyo, GF; Nakouné, E; Faou, AL and Muller, CP (2013). High genetic diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in poultry in west and central Africa cocirculation of genotype XIV and newly defined genotypes XVII and XVII. J. Clin. Microbiol., 51: 2250-2260.
Tamura, K and Nei, M (1993). Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol. Biol. Evol., 10: 512-526.
Usachev, EV; Fediakina, IT; Shchelkanov, MI; L’vov, DN; Prilipov, AG and Iamnikova, SS (2006). Molecular genetic characteristics of the Newcastle Sterna-Astrakhan-Z275-2001 virus isolated in Russia. Mol. Gene. Mikrobiol. Virusol., 1: 14-20 (in Russian).
Zhao, W; Zhang, Z; Zsak, L and Yu, Q (2013). Effects of the HN gene C-terminal extensions on the Newcastle disease virus virulence. Virus Genes. 47: 489-504.