2024-03-28T14:29:44Z
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=722
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in cattle herds
A.
Khodakaram-Tafti
GH.
Farjanikish
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a significant pathogen associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory, and reproductive diseases of cattle worldwide. It causes continuous economic losses to the cattle industry primarily due to decreased reproductive performance. The ability of virus to cross the placenta during early pregnancy can result in the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves. Persistently infected animals are generally much more efficient transmitters of BVDV than transiently or acutely infected animals because they are capable of shedding large quantities of virus throughout their lives and are considered the primary reservoirs for BVDV. Due to the nature of viral infections, there is no treatment to fully cure an animal of a viral infection. All control programs which are in use in many countries of the world, mainly depend upon the detection of PI animals, eliminating them and preventing their return into the herds. Detection of PI animals at early stage, particularly soon after birth is of significant benefit to implement BVDV control programs. Available diagnostic tests such as virus isolation (VI), immunohistochemistry (IHC), Antigen-Capture ELISA (ACE), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are used for detection of PI cattle. Each method to detect BVDV has advantages, disadvantages, and applicability for different diagnostic situations. The reliability of diagnostic tests is optimized by choosing the appropriate sampling strategy on the basis of animal age.
Antigen-Capture ELISA
BVD
Immunohistochemistry
Persistent infection
RT-PCR
2017
09
01
154
163
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4190_c437d6dbd58fdae6d2b09acbd83dde18.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Evaluation of amprolium and toltrazuril efficacy in controlling natural intestinal rabbit coccidiosis
A.
El-Ghoneimy
I.
El-Shahawy
This trial was undertaken with the objective to evaluate the efficacy of amprolium, toltrazuril and their combination in rabbits naturally infected with Eimeria species (32 × 103 ± 4.63 oocysts per gram (OPG) of faeces). Thirty-six rabbits (11 weeks old with average body weight (BW) 2000 ± 75 g), were randomly allocated into six groups (six kits each), namely, negative untreated and was retained as negative control (group 1), infected and kept untreated (group 2), treated with single oral dose of amprolium at 50 mg/kg BW for 5 days (group 3), received toltrazuril at 5 mg/kg BW for 2 days (group 4), treated orally with toltrazuril at 2.5 mg/kg BW, two doses with 5 day interval (group 5) and given oral doses of both amprolium and toltrazuril at 50 mg and 5 mg/kg BW (group 6), respectively. Clinical signs, mortalities, production data (feed consumption, feed conversion rate, BW, body weight gain (BWG), and performance index (PI)), OPG of faeces and the percentage of OPG reduction were recorded. The results indicated that both toltrazuril, amprolium and their concurrent use significantly (P<0.05) reduced OPG and effectively controlled coccidiosis related mortality, fully abolished the clinical signs, improved feed consumption, BW, weight gain and feed conversion rate. From the observations of the present study it can be concluded that the oral administration of both drugs and their combined use ameliorated the adverse impacts of intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits as therapeutic, but the concurrent use of both drugs was more superior.
Amprolium
Coccidiosis
Egypt
Rabbit
Toltrazuril
2017
09
01
164
169
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4217_f5d52727892ca2e24897d1f43c1562fd.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Hypervitaminosis D3 in broiler chicks: histopathological, immunomodulatory and immunohistochemical approach
R.
Kumar
R. S.
Brar
H. S.
Banga
The present study was undertaken to investigate the toxic effects of higher doses (1,00,000 IU i.e. 2.5 mg/kg body weight (BW)) of vitamin D3, concomitantly with bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides: LPS) to study the immunomodulatory potential of vitamin D3 in IBL-80 broiler chicks. The chicks were divided into four groups [group I (NSS), group II (LPS), group III (Vit. D3 + NSS), and group IV (Vit. D3 + LPS)] containing eight chicks in each group, treated accordingly for 21 days. Birds were kept under close observation for apparent clinical signs and symptoms. Clinically, vitamin D3 treated chicks were dull, off feed, showed polydipsia, polyuria, watery faeces, rigidity of limbs, severe dehydration, weakness and significant progressive emaciation. Grossly, the bones were soft whereas most organs revealed congestion and hemorrhages in visceral organs. Histopathologically, renal tubular epithelium showed coagulative necrosis and metastatic calcification. The lung parenchyma and bronchi showed hemorrhages, congestion with diffuse heterophilic cell infiltration in inter-alveolar septa and infiltration of heterophils in alveoli along with proteinacious fluid in LPS treated chicks of treatment group, suggesting immunomodulatory action of vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 treated chicks showed strong expression of Calbindin D28k in intestine and kidney but weak expression in lung, which can be linked to nephrocalcinosis seen in kidney and from its prospective role in cellular calcium homeostasis.
Broiler chick
Calbindin D28K
Cholecalciferol
Immunomodulation
LPS
2017
09
01
170
176
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4218_8f6cd677af94e1fedc248508dcec6654.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in captive wildlife species of India
A. A.
Prince Milton
R. K.
Agarwal
G. B.
Priya
M.
Saminathan
M.
Aravind
A.
Reddy
C. K.
Athira
P.
Anjay
T. P.
Ramees
K.
Dhama
A. K.
Sharma
A.
Kumar
Campylobacteriosis is an important zoonotic disease and the prevalence of Campylobacter is largely unknown in the wildlife of India. A total of 370 samples, comprising of 314 fresh faecal samples from apparently healthy captive wild animals and birds, 30 stool swabs from animal care takers and 26 samples of the animals’ food and water were collected from G. B. Pant High Altitude Zoo, Nainital, Kanpur Zoo, Wildlife Park, IVRI and the Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences (PGRIAS), Chennai, Tamilnadu from August 2014 to May 2015. Samples were processed for cultural isolation, direct PCR and multiplex PCR for species confirmation. To decipher the genetic diversity, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequenced and analyzed. Based on isolation, the overall occurrence rate of Campylobacter spp. was 0.8% (3/370), being 2.94% (3/102) for captive wild birds. Three Campylobacter jejuni were isolated from silver pheasants, lady amherest pheasants and saras cranes. Direct PCR assay showed the overall occurrence rate of Campylobacter spp. to be 4.77% (15/315), being 1.58% (2/126) for captive wild ruminants, 5.81% (5/86) for non-ruminants and 7.84% (8/102) for birds. All the isolates were identified as C. jejuni.
Campylobacter coli
Campylobacter jejuni
Captive wildlife
India
Zoo
2017
09
01
177
182
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4219_0cbde722b6a9d4068dd543ab11427276.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Comparison of diagnostic tests for the detection of bovine brucellosis in the natural cases of abortion
V.
Mahajan
H. S.
Banga
G.
Filia
M. P.
Gupta
K.
Gupta
Rapid and precise diagnosis in natural field cases of bovine abortion caused by Brucella abortus warrants the use of the most sensitive and reliable diagnostic methods. In the present study, bacterial isolation, serology, gross, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction technique(s) were applied. Sero-prevalence studies showed the rate of 28.86% positive cases using the competitive ELISA. Histopathological changes were mainly seen in the placenta, fetal lungs, kidney, liver and spleen. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of Brucella spp. was evident as brown, finely granular intracytoplasmic staining in trophoblasts of placental sections and in section(s) of liver, lung, kidney and spleen. Twenty-eight out of the 103 samples (17 from stomach contents, 3 from placental cotyledons, 2 from vaginal discharges and 6 from pooled fetal tissues) produced 193 bp amplicon specific for Brucella genus. Moreover, the species-specific primers amplified a 498 bp amplicon which corresponded to B. abortus. Comparison of diagnostic tests revealed PCR and IHC provide a reliable test for the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in aborted fetal tissue and placental cotyledons whereas serology is most important for detection of Brucella positive animals in a herd.
Abortion
Brucellosis
Immunohistochemistry
Polymerase chain reaction
2017
09
01
183
189
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4220_85116857b52aba83c0b7859ba843dacd.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Fiber gene based molecular and biological characterization of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome associated avian adenoviruses
S.
Yasmeen
N.
Siddique
M.
Athar Abbas
A.
Ali
S.
Rafique
F.
Rashid
A. U.
Shah
F.
Mehmood
I.
Begum
T.
Javaid
S. M. H.
Jaffery
R.
Ali
Kh.
Naeem
This study was designed to perform biological and molecular characterization of avian adenoviruses (AAVs) recovered from suspected cases of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in commercial poultry. Initially the samples were screened by Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT) for the presence of AAVs followed by its confirmation and typing through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) focusing on already reported serotypes AAV-4, AAV-8 and AAV-10 elsewhere. These PCR-positive samples were further subjected to amplification of fiber gene, followed by conducting restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using restriction enzyme Alu. The selected isolates were further propagated through cell culture and pathogenic potential of selected isolates was determined by infecting chickens. In this study, out of a total 190 samples, 57.8% of suspected cases were found positive for AAV presence through AGPT while sub-type identification using PCR revealed 46.3% for these viruses belonging to AAV-4, 41.8% to AAV-8 and 11.8% showed co-infection of AAV-4 and AAV-8. AAV-10 was not detected in any of the tested samples. On the basis of RFLP pattern, AAV-4 isolates were further divided into four sub-groups (A-D) while AAV-8 isolates had identical RFLP pattern. To further evaluate the pathogenic potential of these sub-groups of AAV-4 isolates, specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks were challenged with selected isolates belonging to each of the sub-groups, resulting in variable pattern of pathogenicity. It is concluded that any variation in the fiber gene of AAV-4 isolates may affect its pathogenicity and eventually specificity of the vaccines used against such infections. Therefore, regular monitoring of the circulating AAV serotypes may be helpful in understanding the pathogenic potential of emerging AAVs, which may lead to development of more effective response strategies accordingly.
Avian adenoviruses
Inclusion body hepatitis
Hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome
Hydropericardium syndrome
2017
09
01
190
196
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4221_ab67457e92bf282d89838c1c34bb276d.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Immunopathological evaluation of recombinant mycobacterial antigen Hsp65 expressed in Lactococcus lactis as a novel vaccine candidate
J. C.
Herrera Ramírez
A. Ch.
De la Mora
A.
De la Mora Valle
G.
Lopez-Valencia
R. M. B.
Hurtado
T. B.
Rentería Evangelista
J. L.
Rodríguez Castillo
A.
Rodríguez Gardea
S. D.
Gómez Gómez
G. E.
Medina-Basulto
Bovine tuberculosis (TBB) is a zoonotic disease distributed worldwide and is of great importance for public health and the livestock industry. Several experimental vaccines against this disease have been evaluated in recent years, yielding varying results. An example is the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which has been used extensively in humans and tested in cattle showing mixed results related to protection (0-80%) against Mycobacterium bovis. In this study, we used the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis as an expression system for production of mycobacterial protein Hsp65. For this purpose, the construction of a replicable plasmid in strain NZ9000 L. lactis (pVElepr) was conducted, which expressed the Mycobacterium leprae Hsp65 antigen, and was recognized by traded anti-Hsp65 antibodies. The strain NZ9000-pVElepr was applied to calves that were negative to tuberculin test and the immune response was monitored. The results showed that immune response was not significantly increased in calves with NZ9000-pVElepr with respect to control groups, and no injury was observed in any lung or lymph of the calves. Finally, this study suggest that the recombinant NZ9000 strain of L. lactis may protect against the development of M. bovis infection, although studies with longer exposure to this pathogen are necessary to conclude the matter.
Hsp65
Lactococcus
Mycobacterium leprae
Vaccination
2017
09
01
197
202
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4222_5b66d0e4e0b25c288cf83ca04fa4aad0.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Cumulus cell expansion and ultrastructural changes in in vitro matured bovine oocytes under heat stress
J. A.
Ahmed
N.
Nashiruddullah
D.
Dutta
R. K.
Biswas
P.
Borah
Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from cows were matured under normal (38.5°C) and elevated temperatures (41°C) simulating heat stress and their maturation was assessed based on measurement of cumulus expansion in both groups. There was a significant reduction (P<0.01) in maturation rate in the heat stressed oocytes. The ultrastructural events associated with in vitro oocyte maturation and changes associated with elevated temperature were also studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Normal maturation cellular events were marked by migration of Golgi and mitochondria from the cortical regions, and conversely by a migration of cortical granules from the inner regions to a sub-perivitelline zone. Heat stressed oocytes (41°C) were not only marked by a reduction in rate and less cumulus cell expansion, but also by a reduction in cortical granule migration. The mitochondria appeared swollen with cristolysis. Ribosomal disruption and an abundance of free ribosomes were also seen. Changes in the cumulus cells include nuclear chromatin margination, condensation and karyolysis, formation of nuclear and cell membrane blebs, and typical membrane bound vesicles enclosing cell fragments indistinguishable from apoptosis. Evidently, heat stress can be associated with reduced cytoplasmic events of oocyte maturation, thereby decreasing the oocyte competence and can be associated with apoptosis of the cumulus cells and therefore compromise the survival of the oocyte itself.
Bovine
Heat stress
IVM
Oocyte
TEM
2017
09
01
203
207
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4223_5bdec55e1f952a2068c40a81aaf62244.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Molecular detection of virulence genes and multi-drug resistance patterns in Escherichia coli (STEC) in clinical bovine mastitis: Alborz province, Iran
M.
Tavakoli
H.
Pourtaghi
The aim of this study was to identify virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in dairy herds in Iran. Sampling was done from 86 inflamed quarters of dairy cows in 8 commercial farms of Alborz province, Iran in summer 2015. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) virulence genes were detected by multiplex PCR and multi-drug resistance profiles were confirmed using disk diffusion method. Among 60 E. coli isolated from examined samples, 13 (21.6%) of them were STEC. The results of PCR assay showed that eaeA gene was carried by 4 (30.8%) of STEC isolates. Although stx1 in combination with eaeA gene was detected from 7 (53.8%) of STEC isolates, stx1 and stx2 genes were detected from only 1 (7.7%) of the examined samples. The result of the disk diffusion method showed that all E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillin, tylosin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, ampicillin, streptomycin and neomycin. However all isolates were susceptible to enrofloxacin. Therefore, according to the results establishing a regular monitoring system for identification of cases with clinical mastitis and conducting antibiotic sensitivity tests are recommended.
Antimicrobial resistance
Clinical mastitis
E. coli
STEC
Virulence factors
2017
09
01
208
211
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4224_c9d31c857d0adeaf66fbfc0f0e12ba28.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Phylogenic analysis of serotype Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus from Sulaimani/Iraq using VP1 protein: heterogeneity with vaccine strain As1/Shamir/89
M. O.
Baba Sheikh
P. M. A.
Rashid
A. S.
Marouf
Z. H.
Raheem
S. C.
Janga
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia1 are responsible for a significant number of disease outbreaks in Iraq. The current study can be considered as the first molecular characterization of serotype Asia1 in Iraq. The present investigation reports the detection of serotype FMDV Asia1 from local farms in Sulaimani districts in 2012 and 2014 outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete VP1 gene has shown that FMDV Asia1 field isolates were under genetic novel variant Sindh-08 (group VII) including PAK/iso/11 and TUR/13 strains. The VP1 protein sequence of circulatory FMDV Asia1 genotype showed heterogeneity of nine amino acid substitutions within the G-H loop with the vaccine strain As1/Shamir/89 (JF739177) that is currently used in vaccination program in Iraq. Our result indicated that differences in VP1 protein at G-H loop of the locally circulated FMDV serotype Asia1 strain may be a reason for current vaccination failure.
Molecular genotyping
Phylogenetic analysis
viral evolution
2017
09
01
212
215
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4226_97fef59715c10306e11d2e1184e11cc8.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2017
18
3
Axial pattern flaps, using the deep circumflex iliac artery, superficial brachial and cranial superficial epigastric direct cutaneous arteries in the dog
M.
Shafiuzama
M. S.
Sabarish Babu
A.
Mohamed
P.
Sankar
G. N.
Sindhu
S.
Hemalatha
G.
Ravi Sundar
Three dogs (Boxer, Labrador Retriever and German Shepherd) between the age of 7-10 years were presented with the history of tumour masses on right caudo-lateral thigh, right cranial forearm and left cranial and caudal thoracic mammary gland region, respectively. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the tumour masses and the sentinel regional lymph nodes were done. Plain radiography was done to rule out distant metastasis. In all the three cases the tumour masses were large in size, firmly adherent to the tissues underneath and sufficient loose skin was not available to close the skin defect following surgery. Hence axial pattern flaps were chosen to close the skin defect, following wide margin excision of tumour masses, leaving 3 cm from all the dimensions including healthy tissue. Deep circumflex iliac axial pattern flap, superficial brachial axial pattern flap and cranial superficial epigastric axial pattern flap were chosen to close the skin defect in case 1, case 2 and case 3, respectively. Post-operatively the dogs were admitted in in-patient unit for 5 days to restrict movement of the dog for immobilization of the flap and for wound dressing. All the cases recovered uneventfully with few complications.
Axial pattern flaps
Canine
Extensive tumours
Histopathology
Reconstruction
2017
09
01
216
220
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4227_7a356f27ff88a2979d0b528e4781104e.pdf