2024-03-28T20:04:02Z
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=1041
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Reproductive enhancement in buffalo: looking at urinary pheromones and hormones
G.
Archunan
The success of conception in buffalo is greatly dependent on precise estrus detection and time of artificial insemination (AI). Various visual, behavioral, biochemical and gyneco-clinical parameters have been tracked closely and a cost-effective combinatorial model has been developed to detect estrus in buffaloes. Pheromones play pivotal roles in reproduction and behavior of mammals. Urine, an easily available biological material which reflects the internal status of an animal, was recruited for profiling the pheromone compounds during the various phases of estrous cycle using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Among the identified compounds, 4-methyl phenol (4-mp, p-Cresol) and 9-octadecenoic acid (Oleic acid) were found to be estrus-specific and would be promising estrus-indicators. Similarly, detection of luteinizing hormone (LH) in urine was also focused to predict the time of ovulation in buffaloes. Partial success has been obtained in the attempt to develop a cost-effective bioassay kit for estrus detection. The ongoing venture of the relevant research team is to develop a biosensor to identify estrus-specific pheromone compounds in urine. Development of a nanoparticle-based bioassay kit for detection of urinary LH for effective prediction of estrus or ovulation is also in progress.
Buffalo
LH
Ovulation
Pheromone
Urine
2020
09
01
163
171
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5686_3f1be566df10ac2ff95661d8af94b82a.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Molecular characterization of canine astrovirus, vesivirus and circovirus, isolated from diarrheic dogs in Turkey
T.
Turan
H.
Işıdan
Background: Canine astrovirus (CAstV) has been considered the primary cause of gastroenteritis in young animals worldwide, while canine vesivirus (CVeV) and canine circovirus (CCiV) are occasionally reported. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the existence and molecular characteristics for these three viruses in Turkey. Methods: Faecal samples from 150 shelter dogs with gastrointestinal problems (127 adults and 23 puppies) were collected and examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis based on the partial sequence of RdRp gene (ORF1b) for CAstV, ORF2 gene of CVeV and capsid protein (Cap) and replication associated protein (Rep) gene of CCiV. Randomly selected positive samples were submitted to sequencing and molecular analyses were conducted based on partial sequences. Results: It was found that 66% (99/150) of diarrhoeic dogs were positive for CAstV, 3.33% (5/150) for CVeV, and 6% (9/150) for CCiV. Four sub-genotypes for CAstV and two sub-genotypes for CVeV were suggested according to molecular analyses. The phylogenetic relationship of CCiV with other strains obtained from various areas was further demonstrated. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of emerging viruses for canids, classification of them and their proportional contribution in gastroenteritis cases. We concluded that astrovirus infection must be considered as the major cause of diarrhea in dogs; However, the prevalences of vesivirus and circovirus were relatively low in cases makes them less important in Turkey.
Canine astrovirus
Canine circovirus
Canine vesivirus
Diarrhea
Turkey
2020
09
01
172
179
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5714_8047c18395fdf2739516b325c39bfe2a.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
In vitro assessment of pathogenicity and virulence encoding gene profiles of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens
I. C.
Ugwu
L.
Lee-Ching
C. C.
Ugwu
J. O. A.
Okoye
K. F.
Chah
Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains have been associated with various disease conditions in avian species due to virulence attributes associated with the organism. Aims: This study was carried out to determine the in vitro pathogenic characteristics and virulence encoding genes found in E. coli strains associated with colibacillosis in chickens. Methods: Fifty-two stock cultures of E. coli strains isolated from chickens diagnosed of colibacillosis were tested for their ability to produce haemolysis on blood agar and take up Congo red dye. Molecular characterization was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of virulence encoding genes associated with APEC. Results: Eleven (22%) and 41 (71%) were positive for haemolysis on 5% sheep red blood agar and Congo red agar, respectively. Nine virulence-associated genes were detected as follows: FimH (96%), csgA (52%), iss (48%), iut (33%), tsh (21%), cva (15%), kpsII (10%), pap (2%), and felA (2%). Conclusion: The APEC strains exhibited virulence properties and harbored virulence encoding genes which could be a threat to the poultry population and public health. The putative virulence genes were diverse and different in almost all isolate implying that pathogenesis was multi-factorial and the infection was multi-faceted which could be a source of concern in the detection and control of APEC infections.
APEC
Chicken
Colibacillosis
Virulence genes
2020
09
01
180
187
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5732_e7597a3b39cf1b6f4ad485f31576fb7f.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serotypes isolated from animals in Iran: a meta-analysis
H.
Vaez
F.
Ghanbari
A.
Sahebkar
F.
Khademi
Background: Salmonella infection (salmonellosis) is a zoonotic bacterial disease. Widespread use of antibiotics in livestock and poultry production for different purposes such as treatment and growth promotion has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella, causing treatment of Salmonella infections more difficult with each passing year. Aims: To determine the antibiotic resistance prevalence of Salmonella serotypes isolated from animals in different provinces of Iran. Methods: To find eligible articles, we searched the international and national electronic databases using appropriate keywords in English and Persian. Results: After applying predefined criteria, 54 articles reporting antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella serotypes were included. Salmonella isolates were mostly resistant against nalidixic acid (67%), tetracycline (66.9%), and streptomycin (49.6%), followed by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (41.6%) and kanamycin (23.6%). The highest sensitivity was observed against imipenem, meropenem, and cefepime with 1.7%, 1.4%, and 1.9% of all isolates being resistant, respectively. Conclusion: Results revealed that the prevalence of resistant isolates to nalidixic acid, tetracycline and streptomycin is high and their use must be restricted. In addition, resistance to other antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cephalothin, cefixime, and enrofloxacin is at an alarming level that calls for attention in the future infection control and antibiotic stewardship programs.
animals
Antibiotic resistance
Salmonella
Salmonellosis
2020
09
01
188
197
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5660_cb90bec2f9247522affd376caa3bf176.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Molecular identification of aviadenoviruses in broiler chickens suspected to inclusion body hepatitis in Golestan province, Iran
S.
Arazi
M.
Mayahi
F.
Talazadeh
Z.
Boroomand
R. A.
Jafari
Background: Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are distributed widely throughout the world, and domestic avian species of all ages are susceptible. Fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) can be separated into 5 different species (A-E) with various genotypes and 12 serotypes. Some geno- or serotypes induce hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), and adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE). Aims: Detect FAdVs serologically and molecularly and sequencing of FAdVs in broiler flocks in Golestan province. Methods: From December 2017 to June 2018 liver tissues and blood samples were collected from 31 broiler flocks suspected of IBH. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied on liver samples and the positive samples were sequenced and antibody against FAdVs was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Out of 31 flocks, the titers of 29 flocks (93.5%) were high in ELISA test for FAdVs and 22 flocks (70.96%) were positive in PCR test. Sequence analysis indicated the isolates belonged to D and E genotype of adenovirus. Conclusion: Inclusion body hepatitis caused by FAdVs, are spreading increasingly in broiler flocks of Golestan province and more attention and surveillance programs of breeder and broiler farms are needed to develop preventive measures. Moreover, vaccination of poultry farms in Iran should be considered by more complement studies.
Adenovirus
Inclusion body hepatitis
Iran
Molecular identification
Serology
2020
09
01
198
202
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5563_f7b4ee59d28e40109675ed4e3288f1ee.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Phylogenetical analysis of partially sequenced cytb gene of Haemoproteus columbae in pigeons and its pathological lesions in Egypt
M. N. T.
Hala
M. I. A.
Mona
M. A.
Heba
Background: Haemoproteus columbae is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, causing pseudomalaria in pigeons. Aims: The current study aimed to characterize the phylogenetic position of H. columbae in pigeons in Sharkia province, Egypt, based on partial sequencing of the cytb gene as the conserved regions. The “DNA barcode” of the cytb gene helps in designing primers that can be used to amplify the same gene in the related haemosporidians. Methods: One hundered blood samples were collected from domestic pigeons to identify H. columbae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detect its relationship with other related haemosporidians. Results: Weight losses of 60%, anemia 40%, low growth rates 26.67%, diarrhea 76.67%, dyspnea 66.67%, some neurological symptoms 33.33%, and death 16.67% were observed in the studied birds. Post-mortem examinations showed chocolate-brown appearance of the livers of the birds and congested parenchymatous organs. Microscopical examinations of Giemsa stained blood smears (n=100) revealed a 30% infection rate. The obtained infection percentages were more pronounced in males (35.71%) than females (16.66%) and more in adults (57.14%) than young pigeons (15.38%). The present sequence of H. columbae was deposited in GenBank under accession No.: MH345964 and shows 100% identity with other related Haemoproteus species in the Sao Paulo Zoo, Brazil (KU131585 and KU131583) and the UK (KX832581 and KX832586). Conclusion: This study concluded that the accurate diagnosis of H. coulmbae infection in pigeons by specific primers will help with the early treatment of affected cases, especially in the presence of the immature forms, and can thus avoid the noticed clinical signs and the induced pathological lesions mentioned in our study.
Avian
Disease
Infection
Haemoproteus columbae
Pigeon
2020
09
01
203
210
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5603_b71de749bcad6797f20da2c2ce9475b0.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Evaluation of cardiac troponin I, atrial natriuretic peptide and some oxidative/antioxidative biomarkers in the serum and hemolysate of trained Arabian horses after exercise
R.
Pourmohammad
M.
Mohri
H. A.
Seifi
K.
Sardari
Background: Limited information existed on performance tests in Iranian Arab horses. Aims: The objective of this study is to investigate time related changes of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and oxidative/antioxidant biomarkers in the serum of Arabian horses before and after regular training. Methods: Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of 25 Arabian horses before exercise; 5 h and 18 h after exercise and used to measure the cTnI, ANP, malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentrations. Data analysis was performed using SAS. Results: Significant time related changes were seen for cTnI, MDA, and GPX concentrations (P<0.05). There were no time significant variations in the concentrations of ANP, FRAP and SOD. The values of cTnI and MDA significantly increased after exercise. The amounts of GPX significantly increased 5 h after exercise and then decreased up to 18 h after exercise. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used in future studies in evaluating the health status of Arabian horses. In addition, the present results can be used as primarily described data in the evaluation of Arabian horses.
Arabian horse
Blood sample
Cardiac biomarkers
Training schedule
2020
09
01
211
215
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5689_10eca5225078c58216ae5ae797804f16.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Fatty acid profile of ewe’s milk infected with Staphylococcus spp.
A.
Pikhtirova
J.
Bujok
E.
Pecka-Kiełb
A.
Zachwieja
M.
Vasil
J.
Elečko
F.
Zigo
Background: Mastitis in sheep caused by Staphylococcus spp. is a serious concern for dairy farming. Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the intramammary infection (IMI) caused by Staphylococcus spp. on the long-chain fatty acid profile and composition of ewe’s milk. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a herd of Zoslachtena Valaska sheep. Half-udder milk samples were collected from 20 weight-matched sheep at the peak of their first or second lactation. The basic physicochemical composition of milk, somatic cell count (SCC), Staphylococcus spp. infection, and total bacterial contamination (TBC) were determined. The fatty acid profile of the milk fat was determined using gas chromatography. Results: The SCC in milk infected with Staphylococcus spp. was 3.25 times higher (P<0.01) than that in the uninfected milk samples. The content of lauric acid (С12:0) was higher (P<0.05) in the milk fat of infected ewes. A significant increase (P<0.05) in the share of linoleic acid (C18:2n6t), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), and a decrease (P<0.01) in the vaccenic acid (C18:1n7t) were observed in the milk collected from ewes infected with Staphylococcus spp.. Staphylococcus spp. infection increased the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Changes in the fatty acid profile of milk caused by Staphylococcus spp. infection decrease the value of ewes’ milk as a health-promoting product.
Ewe
Fatty acid
Milk
Staphylococci
2020
09
01
216
220
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5572_34845da678c858edc8bd635878ff1d15.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Application of bacteriophages to control Salmonella Enteritidis in raw eggs
J.
Sonalika
A. S.
Srujana
D. S.
Akhila
M. R.
Juliet
K. S.
Santhosh
Background: Salmonella, a bacterial genus of more than 2500 serotypes is considered as the most significant foodborne pathogen causing infections in humans and animals. Increased antimicrobial resistance and persistence of antimicrobial residues in food matrices warrants the need for alternative infection management strategies. Aims: The present study aimed to isolate and evaluate the lytic activity of bacteriophage against Salmonella. Methods: Twenty-eight Salmonella isolates obtained from the poultry sources were screened for antibiotic sensitivity. Poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was used for the isolation of phage. Host range and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) are vital tools used for differentiating the phage. Results: The isolates showed a high degree of resistance to nalidixic acid (71%), tetracycline (71%), nitrofurantoin (50%), and ampicillin (43%). Five lytic phages are specific for Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized by RAPD. In the colony forming unit (CFU) reduction assay, the highest activity of phage was observed at 0.01 multiplicity of infection (MOI) within 2 h after the addition of phage. PSE5 at 0.01 MOI was administered to Salmonella Enteritidis seeded on the surface of the chicken egg by immersion method. The results indicated that administration of phage reduced recoverable Salmonella by 2 × 106 CFU/ml relative to the phage-excluded control. Conclusion: The results presented here suggested the application of the bacteriophage treatment has the potential to be used as an alternative strategy to prevent Salmonella infection in poultry farms to prevent vertical transmission of the pathogen.
Antibiotic resistance
phage therapy
Salmonella
2020
09
01
221
225
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5719_682346367563fcaf817d9c6e95d8d0ec.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Changes of acute-phase proteins during different phases of the estrous cycle in Ovsynch-synchronized Holstein cows
A. S.
Samimi
S. M.
Aghamiri
H.
Babaei
R.
Heidarabadypor
Background: Acute-phase proteins (APPs) may be increased due to different stresses during estrus phase in farm animals. Aims: Determining changes of APPs at different phases of non-synchronized estrous cycle group (NSEG), and Ovsynch-synchronized estrous cycle group (SEG) in Holstein cows. Methods: Twelve non-pregnant clinically and paraclinicaly healthy Holstein cows with a body condition score (BCS) of 2.75 and 70 days in milk were chosen. Two groups including NSEG and SEG were performed. Blood sampling was carried out from NSEG at the time of diestrus, proestrus, and estrus. In SEG, blood sampling was performed on day 7 (at the time of prostaglandin injection, equivalent diestrus), day 9 (at the time of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection, equivalent proestrus), and day 10 (at the time of insemination, equivalent estrus) of synchronization protocol. Concentrations of haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), ceruloplasmin (Cp), and fibrinogen (Fib) were measured. Results: Concentration of Hp at estrus phase was significantly higher compared with diestrus (P=0.001) and proestrus (P=0.019) in NSEG. Moreover, Hp level in the NSEG was significantly higher than SEG at estrus phase (P=0.002). Concentrations of SAA, Cp, and Fib had no significant differences during various phases of estrous cycle in each group or between equivalent phases of both groups. Conclusion: It seems that unlike SAA, Fib, and Cp, concentrations of Hp may be affected by different phases of estrous cycle. Although APPs are not specific indicators, their changes besides other clinical and paraclinical indices may be helpful for more accurate heat detection in dairy cows.
Ceruloplasmin
Dairy cows
Fibrinogen
Haptoglobin
Serum amyloid A
2020
09
01
226
229
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5729_288bdaf69a0e1e3ad3a2aac212fda15c.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
The emergence of Q1 genotype of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Iran, 2019: the first report
A.
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
H.
Najafi
M. H.
Fallah Mehrabadi
Z.
Ziafati Kafi
N.
Sadri
A.
Hojabr Rajeoni
A.
Modiri
A.
Safari
H.
Hosseini
Background: Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an infectious viral disease of chickens. The effective protection of chickens against many different infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants is not achieved unless the circulating genotypes in the region are identified and the cross-protection of the potential of vaccines in use is assessed. Aims:In a monitoring program of IBVs, a new genotype was identified in the north of Iran, 2019. This work was conducted to isolate and characterize this new IBV genotype. Methods: Tracheal tissues were collected from chickens showing signs of respiratory involvement. Specimens were homogenized and inoculated to the allantoic fluid of embryonated specific pathogen-free (SPF) eggs. Infectious bronchitis virus was detected using real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The hypervariable region of the IBV S1 gene was amplified for sequencing. Results: Positive samples were phylogenetically analyzed, and both positive isolates were clustered with Q1 IBV strains. Conclusion: This is the first report of the Q1 outbreak in Iran. More investigations are needed to find the role of Q1 IBV in the respiratory disease complex of chickens.
Avian infectious bronchitis
Genotyping
Iran
Phylogenetic tree
Q1
2020
09
01
230
233
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5651_4a38b5c955abed7744cd332002eedce0.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2020
21
3
Diagnosis and surgical management of an intraocular foreign body secondary to ballistic wound in a Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
K.
Sharun
R.
Kumar
E.
Kalaiselvan
M.
Singh
T.
Rawat
A. C.
Saxena
P.
Kinjavdekar
A. M.
Pawde
-
Amarpal
Background: Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) such as air gun pellet is a rare finding in wild animals like Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). The purpose of the present scientific report is to describe the surgical retrieval of IOFB secondary to ballistic wound in a wild Rhesus macaque. Case description: A juvenile female wild Rhesus macaque was brought with the history of swollen and inflamed right eye for the past several days. Findings/treatment and outcome: Clinical examination revealed presence of partially healed wound over the dorsal eyelid. Radiographic examination revealed the presence of a metallic foreign body inside the right orbit. Inflamed and persistently closed eyelid prevented the further localization of the metallic foreign body. Lateral canthotomy was performed under general anesthesia. Following the failure to recover the metallic foreign body from the ocular adnexa, right eye vitrectomy was performed to retrieve the IOFB. The metallic foreign body was recovered from the posterior chamber of the right eye. Due to the poor prognosis of the already damaged eye, enucleation of the eye was performed which was followed by tarsorrhaphy. Further examination of the foreign body identified it as a 4.5 mm (.177 Calibre) air gun pellet. Post-operatively animal was treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs. The animal recovered uneventfully. Conclusion: Intraocular foreign bodies secondary to gunshot wound should always be considered as a surgical emergency. Enucleation should be performed in cases having poor prognosis to avoid further complications especially in wild animals like Rhesus macaque.
Eye enucleation
Eye foreign body
Macaca mulatta
Rhesus macaque
Vitrectomy
2020
09
01
234
237
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5615_144aff898be6f4b72333e572023953a6.pdf