Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Occurrence of Salmonella spp. in backyard poultry in Bosnia and Herzegovina
1
6
EN
A.
Koro
https://orcid.org/00
Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Department of Poultry Breeding, Production & Health Care, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
I.
Elezaj
MSc, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
S.
Hadžiabdić
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Unit Food Hygiene and Technologies, Supply Chains, Food Defense, Department of Biological Safety, Berlin, Germany
A.
Alić
Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
E.
Rešidbegović
Department of Poultry Breeding, Production & Health Care, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
emina.residbegovic@vfs.unsa.ba
10.22099/ijvr.2021.41170.5979
<strong>Background:</strong> Infected poultry is one of the most important reservoirs of <em>Salmonella</em>. <strong>Aims:</strong> The investigation presented here was conducted to examine the occurrence of <em>Salmonella</em> in fecal samples among selected flocks of backyard poultry in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). <strong>Methods:</strong> Isolation and identification of <em>Salmonella</em> was performed in accordance with BAS EN ISO 6579/AMD 1:2007. When genus <em>Salmonella</em> was confirmed, the determination of the antigenic formula of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates was performed in accordance with BAS CEN ISO/TR 6579-3:2015. After that, <em>Salmonella</em> serotypes were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using EUVSEC sensititre microtiter plates impregnated with different concentrations of antibiotics. At the end, real-time PCR was used to detect extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapeneamase encoding genes (<em>bla</em><sub>TEM</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>SHV</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>CMY</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>KPC</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>NDM</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>OXA-48</sub>, <em>bla</em><sub>VIM</sub> and <em>bla</em><sub>GES</sub>). <strong>Results:</strong> S<em>almonella</em> spp. was detected in pooled feces from four backyards, housed by chickens only. Three isolates were confirmed by slide agglutination as serotype Enteritidis and one as serotype Typhimurium. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by microdilution did not reveal phenotypical resistance among these four isolates. Real-time PCR used to detect ESBL and carbapeneamase encoding genes revealed the <em>bla</em><sub>TEM</sub> gene in one <em>S.</em> Enteritidis isolate. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Data presented in this study provide further evidence on the circulation of different <em>Salmonella</em> serotypes in backyard poultry in B&H. These findings emphasize the potential role of backyard poultry in the epidemiology of salmonellosis and the risks it poses for keepers, consumers, and general public health.
Antimicrobial resistance,backyard poultry,Salmonella
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6413.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6413_d8f3f7b59891d465efc2f1bd03ff2206.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Lateral flow assay for rapid serodiagnosis of bovine leptospirosis
7
11
EN
K.
Senthilkumar
0000 0002 2346 6028
Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
senthilkumar.k@tanuvas.ac.in
G.
Ravikumar
Zoonoses Research Laboratory, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
10.22099/ijvr.2021.41151.5974
<strong>Background:</strong> Leptospirosis is considered to be an economically important disease in bovine. The disease burden is not appropriately monitored due to cumbersome serological tests that could be performed only in established laboratories. This warrants the development of a field level rapid diagnostic test. <strong>Aims:</strong> The study aimed to develop a lateral flow assay (LFA)-based pen-side diagnostic test to detect antibodies to <em>Leptospira</em>. <strong>Methods:</strong> LFA strip was prepared with the heat extracted antigen from <em>L. interrogans</em> serovar Pomona. To assess the performance of the developed LFA, a total of 300 bovine serum samples with their clinical histories were used and the initial screening for <em>Leptospira</em> antibodies was performed by the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The sensitivity, specificity, and agreement (kappa value) were calculated between developed LFA and MAT. The stability of LFA was evaluated on days 30, 60, 90, and 120. <strong>Results:</strong> Out of 300 samples tested, 225 were positive, and 75 were negative on MAT and 208 were positive, and 92 were negative on LFA. The developed LFA had a sensitivity of 90.7% and a specificity of 94.7%. The results of the assay were substantially in agreement with MAT, with a kappa value of 0.79. The LFA strips were stable for 120 days at 4°C. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> A Lateral flow assay-based rapid pen-side test was developed and its utility to diagnose bovine leptospirosis was evaluated.
Bovine,Immunochromatography,lateral flow assay,Leptospirosis
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6438.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6438_07f622500dc298409617f73844de6a6e.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Temporal trends and prediction of bovine tuberculosis: a time series analysis in the North-East of Iran
12
17
EN
N.
Esmaeilzadeh
0000-0002-9499-0433
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
A.
Bahonar
0000-0002-0846-282X
Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
abahonar@ut.ac.ir
A.
Rahimi Foroushani
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
M.
Nasehi
Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
K.
Amiri
Deputy of Bureau Health and Management of Animal Diseases, Veterinary Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran
M. A. R.
Hadjzadeh
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
10.22099/ijvr.2021.39440.5727
<strong>Background:</strong> Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a disease with high economic relevance. <strong>Aims:</strong> This study aimed to determine a fast alert surveillance system for bTB before the outbreak in the epidemic region of Iran. <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model for monthly bTB detections (reactors). These reactor cases result from the positive Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) test on cattle farms for the period between April 2007 and March 2019 in Razavi Khorasan province. Autocorrelation functions (ACF) and partial autocorrelation functions (PACF) plots were used to determine model parameters. The Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) were employed to select the best-fitted model. The root mean square error (RMSE) was applied for the evaluation of the models. Then, the best-fitted model was hired to predict the cases for 12 oncoming months. The data were analysed by STATA (ver. 14) software with a significant level at P≤0.05. <strong>Results:</strong> ARIMA (3, 0, 3) 12 was introduced as a recommended fitted model according to white noise residual test (Q=22.87 and P=0.98), lower AIC (541.85), and more precise model RMSE (1.50). However, the forecast values were more than the observed values. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The application and interpretation of ARIMA models are straightforward, and may be used as immediate tools for monitoring systems. However, we proposed an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous Input (ARIMAX) model with some measurable exotic factors such as economic fluctuations, climate changes, and pulmonary tuberculosis to introduce a more precise and accurate model for the fast alert surveillance system.
Bovine tuberculosis,Forecasting,Surveillance system,Time Series Analysis
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6433.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6433_1400c3f7e368a6be6e7f0ba52e346aa1.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Evaluation of viral load and expression level of apoptotic genes in selected tissues of two hybrids of commercial broiler chickens challenged with infectious bronchitis virus: a comparative study
18
23
EN
H.
Ghobadian Diali
0000-0003-2480-6757
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
H.
Hosseini
https://orcid.org/00
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
M. H.
Fallah Mehrabadi
Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
R.
Yahyaraeyat
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
A.
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
ghalyana@ut.ac.ir
10.22099/ijvr.2021.35894.5261
<strong>Background:</strong> Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes severe economic losses worldwide. IBV has a broad tissue distribution with different viral loads in different tissues. Additionally, IBV can induce apoptosis in infected cells. <strong>Aims:</strong> The present study aimed to evaluate the role of the genetic background of chickens in viral load and the expression level of apoptotic genes in different tissues of two hybrids of commercial broiler chickens (Ross 308 and Cobb 500) challenged with IBV. <strong>Methods:</strong> Chickens at 21 days of age were nasally challenged with 200 μL of allantoic fluid containing 10<sup>4</sup> EID<sub>50</sub>/ml of Iranian variant-2-like IBV (IS/1494). The expression level of apoptotic genes (<em>Fas</em>, <em>FasL</em>, <em>Bax</em>, and <em>Bcl-2</em>) in the tracheal and renal tissues and the amount of viral load in the tracheal, renal, and cloacal swab samples were investigated two, five, and seven days after IBV infection by RT-qPCR assay. <strong>Results:</strong> The amount of viral load and apoptotic the expression level of apoptotic genes in the tracheal (two and five days after infection) and renal samples (seven days after infection) were significantly higher in the Ross challenged group than in the Cobb challenged group. Furthermore, no difference was observed in the cloaca viral load on sampling days. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> To our knowledge, this is the first report that evaluated the role of the chickens’ genetic background in the amount of viral load and the expression level of apoptotic genes against IBV. Further studies are needed to investigate the pathogenic characteristics of IBV in Ross 308 and Cobb 500 chickens.
Apoptosis,Broiler chickens,Infectious bronchitis virus,Viral load
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6384.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6384_1f2878fd322f468ded9c8d9100259ddb.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Isolation and characterization of thermophilic Campylobacter species from geese raised in Kars region (Turkey) using cultural, molecular and mass spectrometry methods
24
31
EN
E. G.
Demiroğlu
0000-0002-4531-157X
Ph.D. Student in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
M.
Şahin
0000-0003-0106-5677
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
mitats@hotmail.com
F.
Büyük
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, 36100, Turkey
10.22099/ijvr.2021.41103.5962
<strong>Background:</strong> Thermophilic <em>Campylobacters</em> are found in the digestive tract of wild and domestic poultry and can be transmitted to humans following their fecal discharges. <strong>Aims:</strong> This study aimed to isolate thermophilic <em>Campylobacter</em> by culture from cloacal swabs of geese, commonly breeding in Kars region, and to identify the isolates by PCR and mass spectrometry. Antibiotics susceptibility and resistance genes of the isolates were also analysed. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study included 400 cloacal swab samples of clinically healthy geese. The samples were cultured on mCCDA medium following the pre-enrichment in Preston broth. Identification of the isolates was performed by phenotypic methods, PCR, and MALDI-TOF MS. Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes of the isolates were analysed with the disc diffusion method and PCR, respectively. <strong>Results:</strong> Thermophilic <em>Campylobacter</em> spp. were isolated from 157 (39.3%) samples. 151 (96.2%) isolates were identified <em>Campylobacter jejuni</em> and 6 (3.8%) <em>Campylobacter coli</em> by the phenotypic tests and PCR. Among 125 isolates analysed by MALDI-TOF MS, 119 (95.2%) were identified <em>C. jejuni</em> and 6 (4.8%) <em>C. coli</em>. The isolates’ resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and azithromycin were found 33.8%, 41.4%, 75.2%, 12.1%, and 7.6%, respectively. The distributions of <em>bla<sub>OXA61</sub></em>, <em>tetO</em>, <em>gyrA</em>, and <em>aphA-3</em> genes were 3.2%, 90.8%, 50.8%, and 52.7%, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Since geese are raised in pastures in the Kars region, protecting and not polluting the existing natural environment and preventing their contact with wild birds will prevent the spread of these microorganisms<em>.</em>
antibiotic susceptibility,Goose,MALDI-TOF MS,PCR,Thermophilic Campylobacter
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6416.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6416_b86fbaf60a1bb2dbead4f90c00f2b131.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Isolation, characterization, and genotyping of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale isolated from broiler and broiler breeder flocks in Mazandaran province, Northern Iran
32
38
EN
N.
Asadi
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
M. H.
Bozorgmehri-Fard
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
S.
Seifi
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
R.
Khoshbakht
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
r.khoshbakht@ausmt.ac.ir
N.
Sheikhi
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22099/ijvr.2021.41729.6074
<strong>Background:</strong> <em>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</em> (ORT) is one of the most important pathogenic bacteria which cause significant economic losses in poultry breeder countries every year. <strong>Aims:</strong> The present study was conducted to isolate and investigate the ORT isolates’ biochemical, antibiotic resistance, and genotypic characteristics of in industrial poultry flocks with respiratory signs in northern Iran. <strong>Methods:</strong> After sampling from 60 different flocks and cultivation of the samples on a selective medium, suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification of ORT. Then, confirmed isolates were aimed to antibiotic resistance assay, hemagglutination test, detection of <em>pOR1</em> plasmid, and DNA fingerprinting to survey the variability of the isolates. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 13 isolates, including seven isolates from broiler flocks (19.44%) and six isolates from broiler breeder flocks (25%) were obtained. Almost all isolates showed similar results in terms of basically important biochemical tests. The most resistance rates among all ORT isolates were obtained for ampicillin, erythromycin, ceftriaxone, and penicillin (100%). The majority of ORT isolates were susceptible to furazolidone. The <em>pOR1</em> plasmid was detected in only two isolates, and analysis of the DNA fingerprinting phylogenetic tree showed four specific genotypic clusters. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, the isolates showed different antibiotic resistance profiles, and most of the strains proved multiresistant. This can indicate the circulation of various multi-drug resistant strains among poultry farms in northern Iran. Isolates from broilers and broiler breeders were grouped into different clusters by genotyping.
Antibiotic resistance,ERIC-PCR,Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,pOR1 plasmid
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6406.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6406_e898b425982175d8844d50bbc64d25ec.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Molecular detection of Salmonella isolated from commercial chicken
39
45
EN
A.
Tiwari
0000-0003-2023-3883
Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
M.
Swamy
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
drmadhuswamy1@gmail.com
P.
Mishra
Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
Y.
Verma
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
A.
Dubey
Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
N.
Srivastav
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry Rewa, Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, 482001, India
10.22099/ijvr.2021.41301.5996
<strong>Background:</strong> <em>Salmonella</em> in chicken, specially, the motile salmonellae, causes the food chain unsafe from farm to table and is considered a significant global threat to public health. <strong>Aims:</strong> The present study was carried out for molecular detection of Salmonellae in commercial poultry using PCR. <strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted for eight months, from July 2019 to February 2020, and a total of 26 poultry farms, including 15 broiler and 11-layer farms, were visited individually. Pooled faecal samples were obtained from the sheds. A total of 189 necropsy cases were examined for gastrointestinal lesions. Isolation and identification of the organism were done using microbe culture method, and the molecular characterization was performed via PCR targeting <em>inv</em>A and <em>ent</em> genes. <strong>Results:</strong> The prevalence of salmonellosis in the broiler and layer farms was recorded at 20.0% and 45.4%, respectively, through the traditional gold standard culture method. From 189 necropsy birds, salmonellosis was recorded at 1.58% dead cases. Molecular detection of <em>Salmonella</em> isolates by PCR targeting <em>inv</em>A gene was confirmed in 13.33% of the broiler farms and 36.3% of the layer farms. Further detection of <em>Salmonella enteritidis</em> was performed by PCR targeting <em>ent</em> gene by which 11.11% positivity was determined. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> This study, focused on the <em>Salmonella</em> prevalence, highlighted the zoonotic importance of the bacterium in the commercial poultry farms, which can subsequently be dispersed into the human food chain causing harmful health effects.
Molecular detection,PCR,Poultry,Salmonella,S. enteritidis
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6401.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6401_6298e3df98cc78fc711f66d869ef1d77.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Assisted laparoscopic splenectomy: current concept for treatment of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs
46
52
EN
Sh. A.
Ezzeldein
0000-0002-6072-7207
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
shimaa.ezzeldein@yahoo.com
Sh. A.
Elgaml
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
N. M.
Elseddawy
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
E. A.
Hashish
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
Sh. M.
Gouda
Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
10.22099/ijvr.2021.38104.5552
<strong>Background:</strong> Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a common devastating malignant <em>splenic</em> tumor with high mortalities in dogs. Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is safe and gold standard technique for diseases required splenectomy. However, LS operation is a sensitive approach, which requires a restricted control for the vascular sealing procedures. <strong>Aims:</strong> We modified the LS technique through the application of hemostatic clips assisted-LS as an improved approach for the treatment of splenic HSA. <strong>Methods:</strong> Twelve dogs were admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Zagazig University, Egypt for investigation of splenic HSA. Abdominal ultrasonography reveals the presence of large hypoechoic splenic masses with no further abnormalities within the peritoneal cavity. Thoracic radiographs, hematological assays, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and histopathological investigations were done. <strong>Results:</strong> Hemostatic clips assisted-LS showed no major intra or post-operative complications. Laboratory analysis revealed anemia with an increase in TNF-α. Significant increase in platelets count with a slight increase in TNF-α was detected post-operative. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Application of the improved hemostatic clips-assisted-LS is cost effective, with shorter operative time, feasible method for vessel sealing, as well as having few complications during the HAS treatment in dogs.
Assisted Laparoscopy,Hemangiosarcoma,Hemostatic clips,Splenectomy,Ultrasonography
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6422.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6422_2085f6d570022bcaeba221c40eef08bd.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Evaluation of the properties and antibacterial activity of microchitosan film impregnated with Shirazi thyme (Zataria multiflora) and garlic (Allium sativum) essential oils
53
60
EN
Z.
Ebadi
Ph.D. Student in Food Hygiene, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran/Animal Science Research Institute (ASRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran (current address)
H.
Ghaisari
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
B.
Tajeddin
Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
S. S.
Shekarforoush
0000-0001-6247-8462
Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
shekar@shirazu.ac.ir
10.22099/ijvr.2021.38534.5609
<strong>Background:</strong> Recent research has shown that chitosan has good moisture-absorbing properties at the micro and nanoscale, and seems to be a good candidate for the production of biodegradable moisture-absorbing films. <strong>Aims:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the properties and antibacterial activity of starch-based microchitosan (MCH) films impregnated with two essential oils (EOs). <strong>Methods:</strong> MCH films with varying thicknesses were made from cornstarch (6%), microchitosan (1%), glycerol (2.25%), and/or EOs (2%), and their characteristics, including swelling degree (SD), tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EB%), were examined. The film structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). To determine the antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, two EOs of Shirazi thyme, garlic, and a mixture of them were used in the experimentation. <strong>Results:</strong> The EB% and TS had a linear relationship with the thickness of samples and improved by increasing the thickness of films. The XRD pattern showed that the MCH films had an amorphous structure. SEM of the films showed a homogeneous dispersion of MCH in the starch matrix without any porosity. The AFM images showed a simultaneous increase in the thickness of the MCH films and surface roughness. The film was able to absorb water up to 15.78 times its weight in 48 h. The inhibition zone of films containing 2% thyme EO was 42.0 mm for <em>S. aureus</em> and 12.3 mm for <em>E. coli</em> (P<0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> MCH film containing Shirazi thyme can be described as a moisture-absorbing antibacterial pad and is a new idea for active food packaging to increase the shelf life of foods with fully degradable properties.
Anti-bacterial,Food packaging,Microchitosan,Moisture absorbent pad,starch matrix film
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6399.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6399_140b875658775c5a03591068ac4515d0.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Changes in surface morphology, lectin staining, and gene expression of caprine endometrium exposed to estradiol, progesterone, and mifepristone in vitro
61
68
EN
P.
Singh
0000-0001-8117-1159
Ph.D. Student in Reproductive Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
pksingh9@rediffmail.com
R. K.
Sharma
Department of Zoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
rkskukz@gmail.com
10.22099/ijvr.2021.41508.6036
<strong>Background:</strong> In mammalian females, the uterine tissue is highly responsive to steroid hormones and their antagonists. <strong>Aims:</strong> In the present study, topographical, histoarchitectural, and gene expression changes in goat endometrium treated with estradiol, progesterone, and mifepristone for 24 h were investigated, <em>in</em> <em>vitro</em>. <strong>Methods:</strong> Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for surface topographical analysis; WGA and DBA lectins were used for histochemical analysis; and qRT-PCR was done for the quantification of mRNA levels of MKI67 (marker of proliferation Ki67), ESR1 (estrogen receptor), PGR (progesterone receptor), CASP3 (caspase 3), and PDGFR-β (platelet derived growth factor receptor-β). <strong>Results:</strong> Few topographical alterations were observed in endometrial glands and the presence of scattered mucoid granules. A significant decline in WGA staining was reported only in the progesterone group. However, DBA binding was highest in the progesterone group and lowest in the mifepristone group. The expression of MKI67 gene declined to 79% in the mifepristone group, while in the estradiol and progesterone groups it elevated to 153% and 41%, respectively, than control; a similar trend was observed for PDGFR-β. The mRNA abundance for ESR1 declined to 59% in the progesterone group and 10% in the mifepristone group. However, a 100% increase occurred in the estradiol group. PGR expression followed the same trend as that of ESR1. CASP3 declined in the estradiol (50%) and progesterone (37%) group, but it showed a 67% increase in the mifepristone group. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> We concluded that the caprine uterus undergoes dramatic alteration in structure and functions in response to different kinds of steroidal environments.
Antiprogesterone,Endometrium,Gene expression,Goat,Uterus
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6434.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6434_3295d370b068d8760956d17cffd329f1.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Genetic characterization and clinical characteristics of bovine viral diarrhea viruses in cattle herds of Heilongjiang province, China
69
73
EN
Y.
Zhou
0000-0002-4436-037X
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Bovine Diseases, Daqing, China
Y.
Ren
Dapartment of Pharmacy, College of Daqing, Harbin Medical University, Daqing 163319, China
G.
Dai
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
X.
Li
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
Y.
Xiang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
J.
Zhang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
jbzhang30@sina.com.cn
Y.
Jiang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
S.
Jiang
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
X.
Hou
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
Z.
Zhu
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
zhanbozhu@163.com
R.
Wu
Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
fuhewu@126.com
10.22099/ijvr.2021.38650.5625
<strong>Background:</strong> Heilongjiang province is the main cattle-producing area in China, and molecular epidemiological studies of bovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) in cattle have not been performed in the province. <strong>Aims:</strong> The objective of this research was to determine the genetic and clinical characteristics of BVDV in cattle. <strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty-three BVDV-positive clinical samples were collected from 22 cattle farms in Heilongjiang, and the 5´-untranslated region (5´-UTR) was used to carry out a phylogenetic analysis of the viruses. <strong>Results:</strong> The similarity of the 5´-UTR sequences among these BVDVs was 84.2%-100%, and the phylogenetic analysis showed that all viruses belong to the BVDV-1 species, which is classified into five subtypes: BVDV-1b (47.17%, n=25), 1c (15.09%, n=8), 1d (16.98%, n=9), 1 m (3.77%, n=2), and 1o (16.98%, n=9). The statistical results showed that the BVDV-1b subtype had a positive correlation with gastrointestinal disease (P<0.05; 95% CI: 1.19 to 3.34). There were up to three or four BVDV-1 subtypes in some dairy cattle farms, but farms with a single subtype were prevalent (5/10). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> BVDV-1b is predominant in cattle herds of Heilongjiang province, China, and shows a positive correlation with gastrointestinal disease. BVDV-1o was found for the first time in Chinese cattle, which increased the complex distribution of BVDV-1 subtypes in cattle herds of China.
BVDV,Cattle,China,Genetic Evolution
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6435.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6435_419e1d52179badd46ed56a51d71193a4.pdf
Shiraz University
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
1728-1997
2252-0589
23
1
2022
03
01
Genotypic characterization of two novel avian orthoreoviruses isolated in Iran from broilers with viral arthritis and malabsorption syndrome
74
79
EN
A.
Mirzazadeh
Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
amin.mirzazadeh@vetmeduni.ac.at
M.
Abbasnia
Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
H.
Zahabi
Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
M.
Hess
Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
michael.hess@vu-wien.ac.at
10.22099/ijvr.2021.41248.5988
<strong>Background:</strong> Avian reovirus (ARV) is a major poultry pathogen associated with arthritis, malabsorption, and enteric diseases in chickens. In recent years, emerging ARV strains have become a growing concern causing significant economic losses in broiler chickens around the world. This report focuses on the isolation of ARV from the clinical occurrence of ARV-associated diseases in commercial broiler chickens in Iran and the genotypic characterization of the selected isolates. <strong>Case description:</strong> In 2018, two distinct clinical diseases, suggestive of malabsorption syndrome (MAS) and viral arthritis, were noticed in commercial broiler chickens in the north of Iran. Laboratory investigations were carried out following necropsy, documentation of the gross lesions, and sampling of the affected tissues for histopathology and virology. Molecular diagnosis and characterization of ARV were performed targeting Sigma C (σC) gene sequences of the virus. <strong>Findings/treatment and outcome:</strong> Two variant ARV strains were isolated from tendon and gizzard of broilers with clinical viral arthritis and MAS, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the ARV σC gene sequences revealed that field isolates were clustered in genotypes 2 and 4 (which were distinct from previous Iranian field ARV strains) with relatively low sequence identity (59.2% and 49.1%) to the classical vaccine strains (S1133 and 1733) in genotype 1. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> <em>This report, for the first time, represents new emerging ARV variants associated with clinical events in Iran, providing insights on the diversity of endemic ARV field isolates, and urges the need for national-wide surveillance of ARV.</em>
avian reovirus,Malabsorption,sigma C gene,variant,viral arthritis
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6430.html
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_6430_04ea10d8357af5783af45f9ad171f163.pdf