M. R. Escobedo-Guerra Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de Ayala y Prol. Carpio, Col. Casco de Sto Tomás, C. P. 11340, México, D. F., Mexico author M. J. de Haro-Cruz Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de Ayala y Prol. Carpio, Col. Casco de Sto Tomás, C. P. 11340, México, D. F., Mexico author F. M. Guerra-Infante Veterinary Microbiology Laboratory, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Plan de Ayala y Prol. Carpio, Col. Casco de Sto Tomás, C. P. 11340, México, D. F., Mexico author M. López-Hurtado Bioinmunology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Infectology, National Institute of Perinatology, Montes Urales 800, Col. Lomas Virreyes, C. P. 11000, México, D. F., México author text article 2014 eng The armadillo could be considered as an experimental model for leprosy studies. Mycobacterium leprae main host cells are macrophages and Schwann cells. However, endocytosis and germicidal activities of armadillo macrophages and monocytes have not yet been evaluated. The aim of this research was to evaluate endocytosis and NBT-reduction activities of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) and monocytes from non-infected armadillos, as well as to determine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels during stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Mononuclear cells of peripheral blood were purified using the ficollhypaque technique. The monocytes obtained were transformed to MDM after being incubated for 8 days in an RPMI-1640 medium supplement with fetal calf serum at 37°C. Endocytosis and NBT-reduction were evaluated by yeast ingestion. TNF production by stimulation with PMA was evaluated through a bioassay with L-929 cells. The results revealed an endocytosis of 71.77 ± 4.11% and 60.66 ± 6.9% (P<0.001) for armadillo MDM and monocytes respectively, whereas NBT-reduction was 16.57 ± 4.79% and 17.66 ±4.08%, respectively. With the addition of recombinant human IFNγ for 24 h, endocytosis and NBT reduction by MDM were 89.92 ± 6.17% (P<0.001) and 36.42 ± 4.31% (P<0.001), respectively. Low levels of TNF are produced (10 U/ml) when MDM and armadillo monocytes are stimulated with 25 and 50 ng/ml of PMA, in comparison with human U-937 cells. In conclusion, MDM and armadillo monocytes show diminished activities in oxidative bactericidal mechanisms and in TNF production when stimulated with PMA. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 88 92 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2334_27fc15f4fb882fec409beef4802d0cf5.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2334 M. Shimizu Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan author R. Tanaka Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan author R. Fukushima Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan author L. Hamabe Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan author N. Sasaki Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-Cho, Fuchu-Shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan author text article 2014 eng Mitral valve regurgitation (MVR) is a common valvular disease in dogs. Hydrokinetic evaluation of the blood flow within the ventricles has become possible by vector flow mapping (VFM), which shows the blood flow within the ventricles in vector and vortex flows. Blood flow within the left ventricle of MVR dogs was compared at different stages of MVR and to that of normal dogs. 14 normal dogs and 40 clinical cases of MVR were used. Echocardiographic videos were collected and vectors and vortexes were analysed by VFM analysis using software. In diastole, reversal of vectors which formed vortexes was observed around the anteriorleaflet of the mitral valve in the control group. In the MVR dogs, in addition to that, reversed vectors were also observed at the left ventricular free-wall which formed Vortexes along the Posterior Wall (PWv). As MVR became more severe, PWv occupied a wider range; however, it was not observed at the outflow tract, suggesting that it occurs to lower transfer effectiveness. Controlling transfer effectiveness may be considered to alleviate the exacerbation of the heart failure caused by MVR. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 93 98 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2335_906f2f4395c49f69610ee0cd1dc80057.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2335 H. A. Lee Korean Medicine Based Herbal Drug Research Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea author S. Hong Center for Animal Resource Development, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea author Y. H. Chung Department of Companion Animal and Animal Resources Science, Joongbu University, Iksan, Republic of Korea author O. Kim Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea author text article 2014 eng In this study, a medicinal plant, Galla rhois (GR), was examined and screened for its anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Galla rhois was extracted with 70% ethanol. Inhibitory zone tests, as in vitro assays, and an in vivo study using a Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) model were performed. The safety of the GR extract was then evaluated in an animal study. The Galla rhois extract demonstrated a strong anti-H. pylori activity as well as strong therapeutic effects against H. pylori infection in the in vivo animal experiments based on the histological criteria and the rapid urease test. Results of the safety study revealed that the animals had no detectable gross or histological changes after a 28 day treatment with the GR extract. These results demonstrate that the GR extract successfully cured H. pylori infections and protected against H. pylori-induced pathology. This herb could be a promising treatment for patients with gastric complaints including gastric ulcers caused by H. pylori. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 99 103 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2336_1668d28a94715fd2d9a7aae2f019d256.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2336 Gh. H. Farjah Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran author T. Peirouvi Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran author B. Heshmatian Neurophysiology Research Center, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran author M. Yasami MD Student, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran author M. A. Dolatkhah Graduated from School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran author text article 2014 eng Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has neuromodulatory roles in central and peripheral nervous systems. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of GnRH analog (buserelin) on peripheral nerve regeneration. Forty adult male rats were divided into buserelin-treated, normal saline, sham surgery, and castrated + buserelin groups. The left sciatic nerve was crushed by a fine forceps and all animals were evaluated by sciatic functional index (SFI), electrophysiology, histology and immunohistochemistrytesting. On post operation days 21 and 28, the difference between buserelin and normal saline groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the buserelin and castrated + buserelin groups (P>0.05). At the 28th day after operation, the diameters (μm) of the regenerated myelinated fibers of the buserelin group were significantly greater than those of the normal saline group (P<0.05). Although nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of the buserelin group was faster than the normalsaline group, the difference was not statistically significant. The present study suggests that buserelin treatment might accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 104 109 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2337_718ca1c5d864aa28d1cbf9cd33388cff.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2337 W. A. Abd El-Ghany Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt author M. Ismail Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicines and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia author text article 2014 eng This study was designed to compare the efficacy of a phytobiotic containing a mixture of essential oils of Oreganum aetheroleum and an antibiotic containing ciprofloxacin as an active principle for the treatment of experimental Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection in broiler chickens. Two-hundred-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 5 equal groups. The 1st group was neither challenged nor treated, but groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 were challenged with E. coli. The 2nd group was challenged with E. coli only, while the 3rd, 4th and 5th group were treated with phytobiotic, ciprofloxacin and phytobiotic and ciprofloxacin combinations, respectively. Resultsconfirmed significant (P<0.05) improvement of productive performance parameters, reduction in signs, mortalities, post mortem lesions and bacterial re-isolation, enhancement in cell mediated and humoral immune responses, reduction in levels of liver and kidney function tests and increase in the total protein and globulin levels in challenged chickens treated with either essential oils or ciprofloxacin compared to challenged non treated chickens. Moreover, best significant (P<0.05) results in all measured parameterswere detected in the group treated with the combination in comparison with those exposed to single treatments. In conclusion, a mixture of essential oils of Oreganum aetheroleum is more effective compared with ciprofloxacin in the treatment of E. coli in broiler chickens. However, a combined treatment of both could be a superior treatment. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 110 115 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2341_0f2b09edc46986970681911047d3d335.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2341 R. Namakparvar Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran author F. Shariatmadari Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran author S. H. Hossieni Animal Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran author text article 2014 eng The objective of this study was to assess the importance of strain and sex and their interaction effect on broiler chickens’ performance and susceptibility to ascites. Chicks from three strains (Ross 308, Cobb 500 and Arian, labeled as A, B and C respectively) were obtained from the same age breeder and sexed when one-day-old. Each crosses’ sex was assigned to four pens of 60 broilers each. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and ascites mortality were determined. At the age of 28 and 49 d haematocrit values, arterial pressure index (API = right ventricular/total ventricular weight ratio), the values of plasma thyroid hormone concentration (thyroxin, T4 and triiodothyronine, T3) and metabolic lung weight (lung weight/body weight(0.75)) were determined. Strain B had the highest BWG but an equal incidence of ascites as strain A, which had low BWG and ascites mortality. Ascites mortality was not correlated with BWG and FCR. A significant strain interaction by sex on feed conversion (P<0.01) and final weight (P<0.05) was found. The sex effect was significant only in strain C on feed conversion and final weight. Strains B and C had lower thyroid hormones and reduced metabolic lung weights compared with strain A. The sex effect was not significant on the parameters associated with ascites syndrome and its incidence. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 116 121 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2349_fd53f15c9ae52946aad33a6256be1fad.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2349 M. Dar Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, India author D. K. Tiwari Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, India author D. B. Patil Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India author P. V. Parikh Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, India author text article 2014 eng Ultrasonography is the only practical method for obtaining images of the posterior segment of the eye when the light-conducting media are opaque. In this study, 182 dogs with ocular abnormalities presented to the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology from December 2008-August 2010 were included. All the animals were subjected to detailed ophthalmic examination and B-scan ultrasonography of the eyes with a 7.5-18 MHz linear probe. Ultrasonography revealed thin hyperechoic lines of the lens indicating early cataract changes in 40 cases. In 10 cases, thin hyperechoic rims around the lens suggestive of cortical cataract wereevident. In 82 cases, the entire lens was echogenically consistent with complete cataract (nuclear cataract). In 3 cases the capsule appeared wrinkled, suggesting morgagnian cataract. To obtain images from the posterior segment of the eye, a 7.5-12 MHz linear probe was used. In two cases, there was sub-luxation of the lens, while in 14 cases, retinal detachment was observed. Complicated retinal detachments had occurred in four cases. Posterior vitreal degeneration was seen in 15 dogs. Ultrasonography revealed vitreal hemorrhage in 10 cases and asteroid hyalosis and optic nerve avulsion in one case each. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 122 126 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2350_9d2c80d2eeebc527668c9839bebfb956.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2350 F. Arefi Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author M. Mohsenzadeh Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author J. Razmyar Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author text article 2014 eng The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among Staphylococcus aureus and to estimate the presence of methicillin-resistance in S. aureus (MRSA) isolates obtained by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. For this purposes, 100 Iranian white and feta cheese samples collected from different suppliers were initially evaluated for the occurrence of S. aureus by culturing methods. The obtained isolates were subjected to disc diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests and a PCR method to detect the mecA gene. Out of the 100 cheese samples examined, 25 (25%) samples were contaminated with S. aureus with a mean of 5.74 ± 5.67 log cfu/g. Out of the 25 isolates, 23 (92%) were found to be resistant to at least one antibiotic or more, tested by a disk diffusion method. The highest rate of antibiotic resistance was observed to penicillin G (92%) followed by ampicillin (73%) and cloxacillin (68%). None of the isolates was resistant to gentamycin and vancomycin. Eight (34.78%) of the 23 S. aureus isolates were genotypically confirmed as MRSA. The results indicate that the presence of antimicrobialresistant strains of S. aureus in Iranian cheese samples constitute a potential risk for human health. This calls for better control of the spread of antimicrobial resistant strains as well as cheese contamination sources. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 127 131 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2351_c45341ada854fb54a99b21dbc37b481c.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2351 R. Firouzi Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author A. Derakhshandeh Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author S. Mehrshad Ph.D. Student in Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author S. Heydari DVM Student, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author text article 2014 eng Salmonella is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens with many virulence factors playing a major role in its pathogenesis. The aims of this study were to detect spvA, int2 and invC virulence genes of different Salmonella serotypes isolated from various clinical animal and human sources, and to investigate antibiotic resistance patterns among these serotypes. Using a PCR assay, a total of 64 Salmonella isolates were evaluated for the presence of virulence genes. Results revealed that spvA, int2 and invC genes were found in 65.6%, 39.1%, and 76.6% of the Salmonella isolates, respectively. Seven different serotypes were differentiated according to the specific antisera. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed that isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics (31.25%), Amikacin (84.4%), Co-Amoxiclav (81.2%), Cefepime (73.4%), Ceftizoxime (76.6%), Ceftriaxone (60.9%), Meropenem (50%), Norfloxacin (82.8%), and Piperacillin (75%). SpvA is a plasmid gene and the int2 gene has been identified on mobile elements. In addition, the chromosomal invC gene is associated with type III secretion systems (TTSS; not present in all Salmonellae). Hence, the detection of these genes could be used to identify the Salmonella genus. High prevalence of int2 and spvA genes was also observed in multidrug resistance Salmonella isolates which might play an important role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in multidrug resistance (MDR) Salmonella isolates. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 132 137 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2352_fa9feb5ddb17c35954bb6fc35a19df49.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2352 R. Khoshbakht Ph.D. Student in Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author M. Tabatabaei Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author H. Shirzad Aski Ph.D. Student in Bacteriology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author S. Hosseinzadeh Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author text article 2014 eng The objective of this study was to investigate the genotypic characteristics of Campylobacter isolates in Shiraz, Iran. A total of 40 Campylobacter isolates including 20 C. jejuni and 20 C. coli were recovered from both cattle and sheep faeces by cultivation methods. The isolates were identified on the basis of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of 16SrRNA and multiplex PCR to determine two species. For confirmed isolates, PCR was carried out for the presence of virulence genes using specific primers. Other than verifying the genetic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter isolates, flaA PCR-RFLP was performed. Results showed the high prevalence (100%) of the cadF gene and three genes associated with cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Plasmid virB11 gene was not found in any Campylobacter isolate, and dissimilarities and discrepancies occurred in pldA, iamA, wlaN, waaC and cgtB genes. Among the 40 Campylobacter isolates studied, nine different types were defined by flaA-typing. Results indicated genetic diversity among Campylobacter isolates recovered from cattle and sheep faecal samples. Findings showed the potential ability of C. jejuni and C. coli with cattle and sheep origins to cause infection in humans. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 138 144 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2353_4446bfa45476316b48970915d99843e4.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2353 F. Gharagozlou Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran author H. Ghasemzadeh-Nava Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran author N. Atyabi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran author H. Sharifi Yazdi Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author V. Akbarinejad Young Researchers and Elites Club, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran author text article 2014 eng Endometritis is one of the major causes of infertility in mares. The present study was conducted to evaluate intrauterine infusion of Eucalyptus globulus oil as treatment for mares with experimentally induced endometritis. Mares (n=8) were synchronized using two injections of PGF2α (10 mg) 14 days apart. All mares were inoculated with a live culture of 5 × 106 CFU S. zooepidemicus in the dioestrus phase after the termination of oestrus. The day of inoculation was considered as day 0 of the experiment. On days 3, 6 and9, cytological and bacteriological specimens were collected to determine endometritis. Mares were randomly assigned to two groups on day 10. Mares in treatment (n=4) and control (n=4) groups received intrauterine 6% Eucalyptus oil solution (100 ml) and intrauterine saline solution (100 ml) for 5 consecutive days. Cytological, bacteriological, and ultrasonographic evaluations were implemented at days 15, 17 and 19 (1, 3 and 5 days after termination of intrauterine treatment, respectively). The number of mares diagnosed with endometritis, the depth of their intraluminal uterine fluid and the number of infected mares did not change by the treatment (P>0.05). In conclusion, the 5-day intrauterine infusion of 6% E. globulus oil solution failed to treat experimental endometritis in mares. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 145 148 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2356_40b8486601c1539201e3a8dfed7cf8ed.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2356 H. Rajaian Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author M. Aberumandi Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author J. Jalaei Ph.D. Student in Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author M. Khosravi BSc for Veterinary Organization, Fars Province, Shiraz, Iran author text article 2014 eng Satureja hortensis is a popular herb in most regions of the world with leaves used as seasoning. Evidence shows that this plant contains phenolic components such as thymol and carvacrol with a relatively wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of S. hortensis plant powder as an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters in broiler diets. The plant was bought in sufficient quantity from the district of Yasouj, Iran and was dried and ground into powder. A total of 140 unsexed 1-day-old Arbor Acers breed broiler chicks were housed and fed a starter diet up to 18 days of age. The birds were thenrandomly divided into two groups and reared under similar conditions. Chickens received either normal grower (from 18 to 35 days of age) and finisher (from 36 to 50 days of age) diets without S. hortensis (group I) or a similar diet containing one percent plant powder (group II). Statistical comparison of average body weights at various time intervals showed that chickens in group II (1930 ± 29 g, n=63) were significantly (P<0.05) heavier than the birds in the control group (1837 ± 25 g, n=62). The average body weight of males in each group (2075 ± 42 g, n=20 and 2143 ± 40 g, n=22 for groups I and II, respectively) was also greater than those of the females (1724 ± 34 g, n=42 and 1808 ± 30 g, n=41 for groups I and II, respectively). Although feed conversion ratio was slightly less in group II (1.95), it was not substantially different from that in group I (2.02). It is concluded that S. hortensis might be a potential growth promoter in poultry. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 149 153 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2362_47887d023eb3f09cd34654bc9d33a51e.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2362 M. Valadan Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author A. Shojaee Tabrizi Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author A. A. Sarchahi Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author A. Derakhshandeh Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author S. Mirzaeian Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author text article 2014 eng The present study was carried out to determine whether Helicobacter spp. infection in dogs could affect lesions caused by the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin and celecoxib. Thirty asymptomatic mixed-breed dogs were used for this study. Gastric biopsies were taken via gastroscopy and evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid urease tests (RUT). Helicobacter spp. was detected in all specimens. The infection was completely eradicated in 15 dogs by a three-drug regimen for 21days (amoxicillin, clarithromycin and omeprazole). Each Helicobacter-positive and -negative group was then divided into three subgroups treated with aspirin, celecoxib and placebo for 14 days. Dogs in the different subgroups were compared by sequential gastroscopy on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 (a week after drug cessation). The results show that selective COX-2 inhibitors are better tolerated than conventional non-selective NSAIDs in dogs in terms of their side effects; however, these drugs should be administeredwith caution. Unlike what is advised in medical practices in humans, it seems that the eradication of non-pylori Helicobacter spp. from the stomach is not necessary prior to administrating NSAIDs in dogs. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 154 158 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2363_0eaf6030011d0bd11615ed312df0ebca.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2363 S. S. Shekarforoush Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author R. Firouzi Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author K. Kafshdozan Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author text article 2014 eng The effects of essential oils (EOs) of oregano and nutmeg with and without commercial emulsifier/stabilizer compound (E/S) on the microbial quality of ready-to-cook barbecued chicken were evaluated. Barbecued chicken was traditionally prepared. 3 μL/g and 10 mg/g of EOs and/or E/S were then added to the barbecued chicken, respectively. The samples were stored at 3°C for 144 h, 8 and 20ºC for 72 h, accordingly, prior to being subjected to enumeration of aerobic mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria at different storage times. No inhibitory effects were detected in the presence of nutmeg EO together with and/or without E/S on thepsychrotrophic and aerobic mesophilic counts (AMC) in barbecued chicken. Whereas, AMC and psychrotrophic counts in the samples treated with oregano EO, stored at 8 and 20°C were not dramatically changed. Even though, in the case of treatment with oregano EO and E/S, stored at 3, 8 and 20°C AMC and psychrotrophic counts were significantly affected. Oregano EO was an active antibacterial component, used in combination with commercial E/S, compared to its single use. It can be suggested that using E/S and EO in combination is more likely able to emulsify antimicrobial EO substances and thus increase the efficacy of such substances. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 159 163 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2364_f9f919992df029adabba14e1b4ee91a9.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2364 E. Nateghi Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author J. Razmyar Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author M. R. Bassami Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author text article 2014 eng This study was conducted to molecularly detect avian adenoviruses in broiler flocks showing liver lesions and respiratory syndrome in northeast Iran. In total, 60 tissue samples were collected from broiler farms with liver lesions, respiratory syndrome and also from clinically healthy flocks. Six samples were positive; however, three samples were selected for molecular studies. PCR products were sequenced to confirm the identity of avian adenoviruse. Based on the sequence analysis of the L1 region of the hexon gene, the NRB/FAV/4 should be classified as FAdV 8b strain and two other isolates - NRB/FAV/1 and NRB/FAV/5 - classified in cluster of the FAdV 2 & 11. As far as we know, this preliminary investigation is the only documented study to confirm the presence of avian adenoviruses in broiler flocks in Iran. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 164 167 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2365_ab63cc2108b135e52a141955070d21bb.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2365 R. Rajabi-Toustani Graduated from Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran author M. Roostaei-Ali Mehr Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran author R. Motamedi-Mojdehi Graduated from Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran author text article 2014 eng Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of egg yolk for coating and storing spermatozoa. Ejaculates were collected from four rams. In each session, second ejaculates (n=4) were collected in a tube containing 1 mL coating buffers which were prepared by 10, 15 or 20% egg yolk plus Tris-fructose. Samples were pooled, centrifuged and the supernatant removed in the laboratory. The pellets were diluted with Tris-fructose containing egg yolk which was equal to its concentration in coating. Toperform four replicates for each sample, diluted sample was split into four parts then each part was split into two fractions. One of them (cold-shock) was suddenly put on ice water and the other was chilled at 0.25°C/min until 5°C. Aliquots were kept at 5°C for 36 h and sperm motility, viability and functional membrane integrity were determined at 0, 12, 24 and 36 h. The results showed that functional membrane integrity was highest in 20% yolk egg under gradual cooling at 0, 24 and 36 h (85.7, 75.9 and 71.7%,respectively; P<0.05). In the presence of 20% egg yolk, sperm viability was highest under cold-shock (74.8%) and gradual cooling (78.5%) and sperm motility was lower in cold-shock than gradual cooling at all storage times (76.9, 60.7, 36.2 and 27.7% vs. 85.4, 73.1, 54.6 and 40.8%, respectively; P<0.05). Therefore, 20% egg yolk can improve coated sperm longevity in normal gradual cooling; but it does not prevent the destructive effect of cold-shock from taking place. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 168 171 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2366_fbde9eb456a0ee0048de2ba4c7651289.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2366 M. Fartashvand Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran author Gh. Assadnassab Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran author B. Mahmoudian Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran author M. Mohseni Graduated from College of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran author S. Afsharfarnia Graduated from College of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran author text article 2014 eng Evaluation of gastric emptying rate using nuclear scintigraphy as the gold standard method has been studied in various animals, but there is no report in suckling lambs. The aim of this study was to develop a nuclear scintigraphic method to visualize and measure abomasal emptying rate by estimation of scintigraphic half emptying time (T1/2) in the live neonatal lamb. Five healthy, female Iranian fat tailed Ghezel lambs, 7-10 days of age, were fasted at least 12 h and then fed with 1 mCi of 99mTc-DTPA added to 150 cc fresh ewe milk. Scintigraphic images were obtained in the standing position using a parallel hole, low-energy, triple head gamma camera. Images were stored digitally for 90 min and were analyzed using a nuclear medicine software program. The number of radionuclide counts from all three views during scintigraphic evaluations showed a time-dependent decrease in the number of radionuclide counts from the laterals (P<0.01) and the ventral view (P<0.001) of the abomasum. There was no significant difference in the number of radionuclide counts from all three views during scintigraphic evaluations. 51.70 ± 3.54 percent of the abomasum content was emptied after 90 min. Evaluating the ROI showed that half emptying time (T1/2) was 67.13 ± 8.64 min. This study was showed that nuclear scintigraphy can be used to evaluate the abomasal emptying rate in suckling lambs. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 172 175 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2367_cd319af4c4b85615f6558b2c61440416.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2367 A. Khodakaram-Tafti Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author G. Farjani Kish Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author H. Mohammadi Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author S. Alidadi Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Pathology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran author text article 2014 eng Arthrogryposis as a congenital malformation that refers to the fixed flexion of one or more joints as a result of stiffness or limited movements of multiple joints, change of posture and limb function due to permanent contracture of joints and wasting of muscles that usually occur at early stage of gestation. This report describes congenital arthrogryposis associated with musculoskeletal defects in three newborn goats. Both front and hindlimbs joints were characteristically flexed towards the anterior portion of the body. In addition, ankylosis, reduced muscle mass of limbs and rigidly fixed hindlimbs, lordosis, kyphosis and brachygnathia were observed. There was no definitive evidence of etiology of arthrogryposis, however, it seemed to be infectious, inherited or due to toxic plants. Since there is no recorded history about the mothers of the kids and the limited information available, causes of these defects cannot be determined. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 176 178 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2368_a3f8104d20c0c5a228368adbad2e5228.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2368 A. Jamshidi Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author M. R. Bassami Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran, and Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author H. Salami Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author S. Mohammadi Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran author text article 2014 eng The presence of Helicobacter pullorum in intestinal tract of broiler chickens may be a potential risk for human health. In this study, a total of 100 caecal samples of broilers carcasses from 20 flocks at a poultry abattoir in Mashhad suburb were tested for the presence of H. pullorum using modified conventional culture method by combination of culturing on Brucella sheep blood agar and a filtering technique. Suspected colonies were determined as H. pullorum using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplifying a 447 bp fragment of the 16SrRNA gene of this bacteria. 41% of caecal content samples and samples from 12 broiler flocks (60%) were determined as positive for the presence of H. pullorum. This is the first report of H. pullorum in Iranian poultry flocks. The results showed high prevalence of this bacterium in broiler chickens in this area of Iran. It seems using combination of conventional culture method and PCR assay based on amplification from conserved genes allows reliable detection and identification of H. pullorum. معاونت پژوهشی‌ دانشگاه شیراز 1728-1997 15 v. 2 no. 2014 179 182 https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_2369_fd08efd47ed8f4ece62c318e7e5056f4.pdf dx.doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2369