Diagnosis of mixed gastrointestinal nematode infection in goat by an indirect-ELISA

Document Type : Full paper (Original article)

Authors

1 Veterinary Officer, Block Animal Health Centre, Barasat Block I, Barasat-700 128, Government of West Bengal

2 Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata-700 037, West Bengal, India

3 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, 37, Kshudiram Bose Sarani, Kolkata-700 037, India

Abstract

An indirect-ELISA for the diagnosis of mixed gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection comprising Oesophagostomum, Haemonchus and Trichuris species was standardized using crude somatic antigen of Oesophagostomum columbianum (CSAg-Oc) and sera of slaughtered goats with known parasitological status including Oesophagostomum, Haemonchus, and Trichuris (strong positive), Haemonchus and Trichuris (weak positive) and parasite free goats (negative). Two cut-off points, i.e. higher and lower cut-off were determined using the strong positive, weak positive and the negative control sera of goats. Thus the test sera having optical density (OD) values greater than the higher cut-off were considered positive for mixed infection with all the three nematode species, intermediate between the higher and the lower cut-off values were considered positive for mixed infection of Haemonchus and Trichuris, and less than the lower cut-off value were considered negative for any of these three nematode species. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the ELISA for diagnosis of mixed GI nematodoses were 81.25, 93.18% and 90.00%, respectively, while it was 92.86% sensitive, 75.00% specific and 91.67% accurate for the diagnosis of mixed infection with Haemonchus and Trichuris. The ELISA, so standardized, detected 27.78% sero-prevalence of Oesophagostomum plus Haemonchus and Trichuris infection and 38.89% percent of Haemonchus and Trichuris infection in the field goats. The standardized assay might be exploited as a diagnostic tool and also for sero-epidemiological study of two important GI nematodes of goats.

Keywords


Bhojane, GR; Dakshinkar, NP and Kothekar, MD (2002). Prevalence of endoparasites in free ranging goats of Nagpur. Ind. J. Small Rumin., 8: 57-59.
Brahma, A; Das, S; Kumar, D; Bordoloi, G; Pandit, S; Bera, S; Ghosh, JD and Jas, R (2015). Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Black Bengal goats of Sundarban Delta in West Bengal. Int. J. Parasitol. Res., 7: 156-159.
Brahma, A; Das, S; Kumar, D; Pandit, S; Ghosh, JD and Jas, R (2017). Epizootiology of gastrointestinal helminthoses in Garole sheep of organized farm in West Bengal. Environ. Ecol., 35: 21-24.
Carmena, D; Benito, A; Martinez, J and Guisantes, JA (2005). Preliminary study of the presence of antibodies against excretory-secretory antigens from protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs with intestinal echinococcosis. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz., 100: 311-317.
Cuquerella, M; Munoz, MTG; Carrera, L; Fuente, CDL and Alunda, JM (1994). Cross antigenicity among ovine Trichostrongyloidea. Preliminary report. Vet. Parasitol., 53: 243-251.
Gasser, RB; Jenkins, DJ; Heath, DD and Lawrence, SB (1992). Use of Echinococcus granulosus worm antigens for immunodiagnosis of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs. Vet. Parasitol., 45: 89-100.
Gasser, RB; Parada, L; Acuna, A; Burges, C; Laurenson, MK; Gulland, FMD; Reichel, MP and Paolillo, E (1994). Immunological assessment of exposure to Echinococcus granulosus in a rural dog population in Uruguay. Acta Tropica. 58: 179-185.
Jas, R; Datta, S and Ghosh, JD (2007). Economic impact of gastrointestinal nematodosis in goat on meat production. J. Vet. Parasitol., 21: 109-112.
Jas, R and Ghosh, JD (2007). Seasonal qualitative and
quantitative variation in environmental contamination with gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. Environ. Ecol., 25S: 1142-1145.
Jas, R; Ghosh, JD and Das, K (2010a). Polyclonal antibody based coproantigen detection immunoassay for diagnosis of Oesophagostomum columbianum infection in goats. Vet. Parasitol., 170: 262-267.
Jas, R; Ghosh, JD and Das, K (2010b). Diagnosis of Oesophagostomum columbianum infection in goat by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Helminthologia. 47: 83-87.
Jas, R; Ghosh, JD and Das, K (2016). Antigenic cross-reactivity among Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagos-tomum columbianum and Trichuris ovis of goat. Iran. J. Parasitol., 11: 542-548.
Jas, R; Ghosh, JD; Pandit, S; Kumar, D; Brahma, A; Das, S; Das, M and Ralte, L (2017a). Economic impact of gastrointestinal nematodosis in terms of meat production in small ruminants of West Bengal. Int. J. Microbiol. Res., 9: 834-836.
Jas, R; Kumar, D; Bhandari, A and Pandit, S (2017b). Seasonal alteration in prevalence and intensity of naturally occurring gastrointestinal helminth infection in goats of New Alluvial zone of West Bengal, India. Biol. Rhythm Res., 48: 867-876.
Jenkins, DJ; Gasser, RB; Romig, T and Zeyhle, E (1991). Antibody responses against natural Taenia hydatigena infection in dogs in Kenya. Int. J. Parasitol., 21: 251-253.
Johnson, DA; Behnke, JM and Coles, GC (2004). Coproantigen capture ELISA for the detection of Teladorsagia (Ostertagia) circumcincta in sheep improvement of specificity by heat treatment. Parasitology. 129: 115-126.
Lejon, V; Claes, F; Verloo, D; Maina, M; Urakawa, T; Majiwa, PAO and Buscher, P (2005). Recombinant RoTat 1.2 variable surface glycoprotein as antigen for diagnosis of Trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camels. Int. J. Parasitol., 35: 455-460.
Lowry, OH; Rosebrough, NJ; Farr, AB and Randall, RJ (1951). Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 193: 265.
Molina, JM; Ruiz, A; Rodriguez-Ponce, E; Gutierrez, AC; Gonzalez, J and Hernandez, S (1999). Cross-reactive antigens of Haemonchus contortus adult worms in Teladorsagia circumcincta infected goats. Vet. Res., 30: 393-399.
Schallig, HDFH; Hornok, S and Cornelissen, JBWJ (1995). Comparison of two enzyme immunoassays for the detection of Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. Vet. Parasitol., 57: 329-338.
Thrusfield, M (2003). Veterinary epidemiology. 2nd Edn. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell Science. PP: 134-135.
Voller, A; Bidwell, DE and Bartlelt, A (1976). Enzyme immunoassay in diagnostic medicine. Bull. World Health Organ., 53: 55-65.