2024-03-28T23:29:47Z
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=596
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Improvement of vitrification of in vitro produced buffalo embryos with special reference to sex ratio following vitrification
K. Gh. M.
Mahmoud
T. H.
Scholkamy
S. F.
Darwish
Cryopreservation and sexing of embryos are integrated into commercial embryo transfer technologies. To improve the effectiveness of vitrification of in vitro produced buffalo embryos, two experiments were conducted. The first evaluated the effect of exposure time (2 and 3 min) and developmental stage (morula and blastocysts) on the viability and development of vitrified buffalo embryos. Morphologically normal embryos and survival rates (re-expansion) significantly increased when vitrified morulae were exposed for 2 min compared to 3 min (P<0.001). On the other hand, morphologically normal and survival rates of blastocysts significantly increased when exposed for 3 min compared to 2 min (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the two developmental stages (morulae and blastocystes) in the percentages of morphologically normal embryos and reexpansion rates after a 24 h culture. The second experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of viability on the sex ratio of buffalo embryos after vitrification and whether male and female embryos survived vitrification differently. A total number of 61 blastocystswere vitrified for 3 min with the same cryoprotectant as experiment 1. Higher percentages of males were recorded for live as compared to dead embryos; however, this difference was not significant. In conclusion, the post-thaw survival and development of in vitro produced morulae and blastocysts were found to be affected by exposure time rather than developmental stage. Survivability had no significant effect on the sex ratio of vitrified blastocysts; nevertheless, the number of surviving males was higher than deadmale embryos.
Buffalo embryo
Cryoprotectant
Exposure time
Sexing
Vitrification
2015
11
01
325
330
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3282_74ee74002a7e8bf520e37c30e1908850.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP): a new approach for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus and its sero-types in Pakistan
Umer
Farooq
A.
Latif
H.
Irshad
A.
Ullah
A. B.
Zahur
K.
Naeem
S. U. H.
Khan
Z.
Ahmed
L. L.
Rodriguez
G.
Smoliga
Successful disease management requires a rapid and sensitive diagnosis method that can recognize early infection even before the manifestation of its clinical signs. The only available field diagnostic tests for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are lateral flow devices, commonly known as chromatographic strips. Low sensitivity and inability to detect FMD virus (FMDV) at the serotype level are limitations of lateral flow devices. Therefore, a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was standardized using universal and sero-type specific genes in a single tube. This test does not require sophisticated equipment and can detect FMDV at serotype level in about 60 min. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of this test is comparable to conventional reverse transcriptase PCR and real time PCR (rRT-PCR).
FMD
RT-LAMP
Sensitivity
2015
11
01
331
334
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3283_d3dcabba3f74a6277aeb58f887fbeb37.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Effect of thymol and carvacrol on nutrient digestibility in rams fed high or low concentrate diets
M.J.
Zamiri
Elham
Azizabadi
Zahra
Momeni
Mohammad Reza
Rezvani
Hadi
Atashi
Amir
Akhlaghi
Published data on the effects of essential oils (EO) on in vivo nutrient digestibility in sheep are contradictory. In 2 experiments, the effect of thymol and carvacrol on nutrient digestibility was studied in sheep fed with high (70%) or low (52%) concentrate diets, using incomplete Latin Square designs. The essential oils were mixed with the concentrate portion of the diet at the rate of 0.0, 0.3, or 0.6 g per kg dry matter (DM) diet. Supplementation of thymol had no significant effect on digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The main effect of thymol on neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ether extract (EE) digestibility and on nitrogen balance (NB) was significant (P<0.05), but within each level of dietary concentrate no significant differences were observed for these measurements. Overall, ruminal ammonia concentration was higher (P<0.05) in both HCD and LCD lambs receiving 0.3 mg thymol per kg diet. Supplementation of carvacrol had no significant effect on nutrient digestibility. The main effect of carvacrol on ruminal ammonia levels and NB was significant, but within each level of dietary concentrate no significant differences were observed in ammonia levels and NB. Inclusion of 0.3 g/kg diet DM of carvacrol or thyme was more effective than 0.6 g/kg diet DM in terms of NB but neither dose affected nutrient digestibility. Future research should determine the long-term effects of essential oils on digestibility and performance in sheep, before recommendation can be made for their use under practical husbandry conditions.
Carvacrol
Digestibility
Essential oils
Sheep
thymol
2015
11
01
335
340
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3284_02bf131de39f1b72b2dd89f3a73546fb.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1) and 4 (EHV-4) infections in horses and donkeys in northeastern Turkey
Yakup
Yildirim
Volkan
Yilmaz
Ali
Kirmizigul
The herpesviruses infections in equides are caused by five different serotypes of viruses, belonging to family Herpesviridae. The goal of this study was to conduct a seroepidemiological investigation of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) and type 4 (EHV-4) in horses and donkeys raised in two provinces and their villages in northeastern Turkey. A total of 666 samples from 423 horses and 243 donkeys that were not immunized against these infections were tested with ELISA. While 52.48% of tested horse sera was foundto carry specific antibodies to EHV-1, 83.69% of these serums were found to carry specific antibodies to EHV-4. 51. Eighty-five percent of analyzed donkey samples tested positive for EHV-1 and 64.20% of these samples tested positive for EHV-4 antibodies. When the horse and donkey samples were evaluated together, 52.25% were seropositive for EHV-1 and 76.58% were seropositive for EHV-4. This study showed that EHV-1 and EHV-4 infections are quite common in the horses and donkeys being raised in theareas where the study was carried out. In addition, since the area where the study was carried out in the borders of Armenia and Georgia, the high level of seropositive results for these infections leads to the conclusion that we should consider the risk of diseases spreading to neighboring countries. This is the first study to serologically identify EHV-1 and EHV-4 infections in donkeys raised in Turkey.
Donkey
Equine herpesvirus type-1
Equine herpesvirus type-4
horse
2015
11
01
341
344
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3285_aecc530b57ff6e566c41a22cdf0d664c.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Udder edema and association with some serum biochemical measurands and dietary factors in first calving cows
G. A.
Kojouri
M.
Mosavi Pouryeganeh
S.
Nekouei
S.
Nazifi
The aims of this study were to determine some major biochemical alterations observed in first calving cows with udder edema during the periparturient period and to detect some associations between dietary factors and the disease. For that, the concentrations of some electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl, Ca2+, P and Mg2+), lipid (triglycerides and cholesterol) markers and lipoproteins (HDL, LDL and VLDL) and total proteins were measured in serum samples collected from 70 first calving cows (35 with udder edema and 35 healthyones) whereas the percentages of dry matter and crude proteins and the electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl, Ca2+, Mg2+, P and sulphates) amounts in feed rations were determined in parallel. The total protein, the calcium and the phosphorus as well as the concentrations of lipid markers and lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) were significantly decreased in first calving cows with udder edema compared to the healthy ones and these biochemical alterations were correlated with a reduced dry matter content and an electrolyte desequilibrium mainly involving Na+ and Cl– in feed rations distributed to the cows with udder edema. To our knowledge themechanism(s) of physiologic udder edema is uncertain and the obtained results suggest that a transient liver dysfunction (decreased total protein and LDL) probably linked to a feed ration deficient in dry matter may be involved in the aetiology of the udder edema in first calving cows.
Biochemical measurands
First calving cows
Physiologic edema
Udder edema
2015
11
01
345
349
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3286_5b142adb73e38f75c13653a138223d11.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Development of OMP based indirect ELISA to gauge the antibody titers in bovines against Pasteurella multocida
V.
Dogra
S.
Verma
G.
Singh
A. H.
Wani
R.
Chahota
P.
Dhar
L.
Verma
M.
Sharma
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is an important pathogen of various domestic animals. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a major role in pathogenesis and immunogenicity of P. multocida. The aim of the study was to develop indirect enzyme linked immuno sorbant assay (ELISA) based on OMPs to ascertain the antibody titers in animals post-infection or to gauge the potency of vaccine. The OMPs were extracted and purified from P. multocida P:52 (vaccine strain) and P. multocida B:2 isolated from natural outbreak of Haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) and analyzed on SDS PAGE and through western blot. The OMPs profile of the vaccine strain and the isolate from the natural outbreak of HS were found to be similar. Optimization of various components viz. coating antigens, anti-species conjugate, etc. were carried out against both anti-P. multocida hyper immune and pre immune serum. Validation of OMP based indirect ELISA assay to measure immune response against P. multocida in bovine revealed 91% diagnostic sensitivity (DSN) and about 100% diagnostic specificity (DSP) at 25% cut off. OMP based indirect ELISA was found to be more specific, but less sensitive as compared to WCL based assay.
Diagnostic sensitivity
Diagnostic specificity
Indirect ELISA
Outer membrane proteins
Pasteurella multocida
2015
11
01
350
356
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3287_68b61e4488b333f9f8735050ba38901f.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Effect of rumen bacteria from sheep adapted to a tanninferous diet on in vitro fermentation parameters of pistachio hulls using bovine inoculum
Y.
Babaei
Y.
Rouzbehan
D.
Alipour
Sheep adapted to consume tannins rich feeds such as oak leaf (OL) appear to develop defensive mechanisms by their ruminal bacteria against these polyphenols. The capabilities of ruminal isolated tannins resistant bacteria from these animals to ferment a tanniniferous feed (i.e., pistachio hulls, (PH) which were incubated with rumen fluid from Holstein dairy cows was assessed. Six g positive cocci were isolated from the rumen of sheep and the 16s rRNA gene sequences showed them to be closely related to Streptococcus gallolyticus. In three runs of in vitro gas production (GP), the effect of two of the isolates incubated with bufferedruminal fluid of Holstein cow and PH was evaluated. The GP was recorded from 1 to 96 h of incubation. Incubating either of the isolates with PH caused a significantly higher in vitro gas production, estimated parameters, in vitro organic matter disappearance, metabolisable energy and volatile fatty acids than those without any isolate. The improvement in the ruminal parameters when either of the isolates was used suggested the possible presence of isolated tannins-resistant bacteria (Streptococcus gallolyticus sp.),however, in vivo studies must be conducted to confirm the in vitro results.
in vitro gas production
Oak leaves
Pistachio hull
Streptococcus gallolyticus
Tannins resistant bacteria
2015
11
01
357
362
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3288_e779bbc16e3df6815574694394864963.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Relationship of conventional and fluorescent microscopic technique to assess in vitro semen quality status of Murrah buffalo males
P. R.
Shivahre
A. K.
Gupta
A.
Panmei
B. R.
Yadav
M.
Bhakat
T. K.
Mohanty
A.
Kumaresan
V.
Kumar
S. K.
Dash
S.
Singh
In vitro fertility assessment using fluorescent technique is a better predictor of fertility status of bulls as compared to traditional semen quality assessment techniques, therefore, the study was planned to assess in vitro fertility status of bulls based on conventional and fluorescent techniques. Seventy-three ejaculates were collected from 12 Murrah buffalo bulls maintained at Artificial Breeding Research Centre, NDRI, Karnal, India for the experiment and subjected to statistical analysis using SYSTAT. The mean values of ejaculate volume (ml), mass activity, individual motility (%), sperm concentration (millions/ml), live sperm (%), total abnormalities (%), HOST (%) and acrosomal integrity (%) were 2.70 ± 0.28, 2.8 ± 0.14, 63.8 ± 2.16, 1749.7 ± 122.24, 77.3 ± 2.48, 6.2 ± 0.51, 75.1 ± 1.81 and 84.5 ± 2.26, respectively. The repeatability estimates were significant (P<0.05) for ejaculate volume (0.34 ± 0.137), acrosomal integrity (0.29 ± 0.134) and live percentage (0.28 ± 0.133), indicating sufficient bull to bull variation for the parameters. The mean values of seminal attributes of fluorescent based criteria of CMA3 (Chromomycin A3), SYBR-PI and FITC-PNA(fluorescent isothiocynate-conjugated peanut agglutinin) were 5.25 ± 0.41, 67.91 ± 1.24 and 82.00 ± 1.25 percent, respectively. Bulls were ranked on the basis of expected producing ability (EPA) for semen characteristics assessed by conventional and fluorescent criteria. Rank correlations were found to be significant for FITC with most of the parameters evaluated by conventional methods. In conclusion, among the conventional criteria, individual motility (%) revealed ranking of bulls almost similar to that of fluorescent criteria.
Conventional method
Fluorescent method
Murrah buffalo bull
Semen quality
2015
11
01
363
367
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3289_b476b711e269d05e061ba9da76aae105.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Brucella melitensis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis depict overlapping gene expression patterns induced in infected THP-1 macrophages
M.
Masoudian
A.
Derakhshandeh
M. M.
Ghahramani Seno
Pathogens infecting mammalian cells have developed various strategies to suppress and evade their hosts’ defensive mechanisms. In this line, the intracellular bacteria that are able to survive and propagate within their host cells must have developed strategies to avert their host’s killing attitude. Studying the interface of host-pathogen confrontation can provide valuable information for defining therapeutic approaches. Brucellosis, caused by the Brucella strains, is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects thousands of humansand animals around the world inflicting discomfort and huge economic losses. Similar to many other intracellular dwelling bacteria, infections caused by Brucella are difficult to treat, and hence any attempt at identifying new and common therapeutic targets would prove beneficial for the purpose of curing infections caused by the intracellular bacteria. In THP-1 macrophage infected with Brucella melitensis we studied the expression levels of four host’s genes, i.e. EMP2, ST8SIA4, HCP5 and FRMD5 known to be involved in pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our data showed that at this molecular level, except for FRMD5 that was downregulated, the other three genes were upregulated by B. melitensis. Brucella melitensis and M. tuberculosis go through similar intracellular processes and interestingly two of the investigated genes, i.e. EMP2 and ST4SIA8 were upregulated in THP-1 cell infected with B. melitensis similar to that reported for THP-1 cells infected with M. tuberculosis. At the host-pathogen interaction interface, this study depicts overlapping changes for different bacteria with common survival strategies; a fact that implies designingtherapeutic approaches based on common targets may be possible.
Brucella melitensis
EMP2
FRMD5
HCP5
ST8SIA4
2015
11
01
368
373
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3290_06e77c86be1831c92ec906af2efad869.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Identification of Helicobacter spp. in gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and hepatobiliary system of stray cats
A.
Shojaee Tabrizi
A.
Derakhshandeh
A.
Esfandiari
Z.
Ali Atashi
The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of Helicobacter species in different parts of gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary system and pancreas of stray cats. Six different sites at the level of genus, gastric (H. heilmannii and H. felis) and enterohepatic species of Helicobacter were investigated in six cats using species-specific primers by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Interestingly, DNA of enterohepatic spp. was detected in 1/6 duodenum, 2/6 colon and 1/6 pancreas specimens. Results of sequencing revealed that all of these four positive samples belong to Helicobacter canis. While cats have not been considered as a potential zoonotic danger for non-pylori Helicobacter infections, the results of current study show prompt re-evaluation of that view. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study about distribution of Helicobcater spp. in gastrointestinal tract of cats.
Cat
Gastrointestinal tract
Helicobacter
PCR
2015
11
01
374
376
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3291_57d9d0754c3f671defd21fa460273456.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Novel polymorphism of AA-NAT gene in Indian goat breeds differing in reproductive traits
R.
Sharma
S.
Ahlawat
M. S.
Tantia
This is the first description of the polymorphisms of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) gene in Indian goats with different reproductive traits (twinning percentage and age of sexual maturity). Based on the important role of AA-NAT in reproduction, it is considered as a possible candidate gene for this trait. Two novel synonymous SNPs, C825T (exon2) and C1249T (exon3) were identified. All three possible genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were identified for C825T mutation whereas two genotypes were observed (CC and CT) for C1249T mutation. SNPs C825T and C1249T changed recognition site of restriction enzyme BtsCI (GGATG) and AciI (CCGC) and thus can be genotyped by the relatively simple and cost effective technique of PCR-RFLP for establishing further association with reproductive traits. Present results add to the meager existing knowledge and extend the spectrum of genetic variation of caprine candidate genes of reproductive traits, which is another step towards improvement of goat genetic resources and breeding.
Arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) gene
Goat
Polymorphism
2015
11
01
377
380
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3292_fd1d3002ed735eec3746329d3514cbc0.pdf
Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research
IJVR
1728-1997
1728-1997
2015
16
4
Association between the enterotoxin production and presence of Coa, Nuc genes among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various sources, in Shiraz
R.
Moghassem Hamidi
S.
Hosseinzadeh
S. S.
Shekarforoush
M.
Poormontaseri
A.
Derakhshandeh
The present study was aimed to identify the frequency of coagulase (Coa) and thermonuclease (Nuc) genes and Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (Sea) production among Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various sources in Shiraz. Moreover, the correlation between the Sea gene and coagulase and thermonuclease enzymes is also considered. A total of 100 S. aureus were isolated from various sources including 40 humans, 30 animals and 30 food samples by the routine biochemical tests. The frequency of Coa, Nucand Sea genes was evaluated by PCR assay. Correlation among those genes was finally evaluated by statistical analysis. The PCR results showed that the prevalence of Coa, Nuc and Sea genes was 91%, 100% and 14%, respectively. The evaluation of the enterotoxin production indicated that 78.6% of the Sea gene was expressed. The presence of enterotoxin A was not necessarily correlated to the production of toxin. As a final conclusion to detect the enterotoxigenic strains, both genotypic and phenotypic methods are highly recommended.
Coagulase
Enterotoxin
Staphylococcus aureus
Thermonuclease
2015
11
01
381
384
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_3293_71bbdef1b5350af2b196af69752b99ea.pdf