ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Importance of Listeria monocytogenes in food safety: a review of its prevalence, detection, and antibiotic resistance
Listeria monocytogenes, as a foodborne pathogenic bacterium, is considered as major causative agent responsible for serious diseases in both humans and animals. Milk and dairy products are among the main sources of energy supply in the human, therefore contamination of these products with Listeria spp., especially L. monocytogenes, could lead to life threatening infections in a large population of people. Rapid and accurate detection of L. monocytogenes in milk and dairy products, vegetables, meat, poultry, and seafood products is needed to prevent its dissemination through the food chain. Upon contamination of food materials with this pathogen, increase in its antibiotic resistance rate can occur after exposure to preservatives, antibiotics, and stress conditions, which has now become another major public health concern emphasizing the need for special attention on its control along the food chain and management of the disease in the patients. This review provides an overview of researches with respect to the prevalence of Listeria spp., especially L. monocytogenes, in milk and dairy products, methods of their detection and typing, and current status of resistance rates to the antibiotics used for treatment of listeriosis.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5486_fd4029f2e705a7fc24ddc2846770c504.pdf
2019-12-01
241
254
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5486
Antibiotic resistance
Foodborne diseases
Laboratory diagnosis
Listeria monocytogenes
Prevalence
E.
Shamloo
1
Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Hosseini
hedayat@sbmu.ac.ir
2
Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Z.
Abdi Moghadam
3
Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Halberg Larsen
4
Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
AUTHOR
A.
Haslberger
5
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
AUTHOR
M.
Alebouyeh
6
Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Usman, U; Kwaga, J; Kabir, J; Olonitola, O; Radu, S and Bande, F (2016b). Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk and milk products in Kaduna, Nigeria. Can. J. Infect. Dis. Med. Microbiol., 4: 52-58.
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Vit, M; Olejnik, R; Dlhý, J; Karpíšková, R; Cástková, J; Príkazský, V; Príkazská, M; Beneš, C and Petráš, P (2007). Outbreak of listeriosis in the Czech Republic, late 2006-preliminary report. Euro Surveill. 12: E070208.
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Weis, J (1975). The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes on plants and in soil. Problems of listeriosis. Proceedings of 6th International Symposium, Leicester University Press, Leicester, 1975. PP: 61-65.
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Wiedmann, M (2002). Molecular subtyping methods for Listeria monocytogenes. J. AOAC Int., 85: 524-531.
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World Health Organization (WHO) (2007-2015). Estimates of the Global Burden of Food Borne Diseases; Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/199350/1/9789241565165_eng.pdf?ua=1.
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Wu, S; Wu, Q; Zhang, J; Chen, M and Hu, H (2015). Listeria monocytogenes prevalence and characteristics in retail raw foods in China. PLoS One. 10: e0136682.
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Zhang, W; Jayarao, BM and Knabel, SJ (2004). Multi-virulence-locus sequence typing of Listeria monocytogenes. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 70: 913-920.
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124
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in animal products in Duhok province, Iraq
Background: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is regarded as a great public health concern all around the world causing diarrhoea which can be transmitted through food chain. Aims: This study aimed to determine the contamination level and exact distribution rate of DEC in food products consumed by human. Methods: Seven hundred and twenty samples of food from animal origin and fishes were analysed by conventional and molecular method for the presence of E. coli and two multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) for detection of DEC. Results: Two hundred and eighty-three E. coli isolates were detected. The classification of DEC by two multiplex PCR assay yielded 84 DEC pathotypes. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) was detected at high rates (75%) followed by shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) (each of 9.5%), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (3.5%) and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) (about 2.3%). The highest number of DEC (n=26; 21.6%) was observed from beef carcasses in abattoir while the lowest number (n=7; 5.8%) was noticed from burger samples (P<0.01). Enterotoxigenic E. coli was widespread in local raw ground meat and fish surface swabs (P<0.001), EAEC (P<0.01), and EHEC (P<0.001) were only in beef carcasses swabs, STEC was more prevalent in both imported and local raw burger (P<0.01), while the isolates of aEPEC were from imported chicken carcasses (P>0.05). Conclusion: High DEC contamination rate that was observed is attributed to the poor hygienic practices during food processing. Therefore, a superior hygienic application is required.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5502_75a124aef862323aeb45e0bd3f0a8f97.pdf
2019-12-01
255
262
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5502
Diarrheagenic E. coli
Multiplex PCR
public health
Z. M.
Taha
zanan.taha@uod.ac
1
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
N. A.
Yassin
2
Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbasi, P; Kargar, M; Doosti, A; Mardaneh, J; Ghorbani-Dalini, S and Dehyadegari, MA (2016). Molecular detection of diffusely adherent Escherichia coli strains associated with diarrhea in Shiraz, Iran. Arch. Pediatr. Infect. Dis., 5: e37629.
1
Amézquita-Montes, Z; Tamborski, M; Kopsombut, UG; Zhang, C; Arzuza, OS and Gómez-Duarte, OG (2015). Genetic relatedness among Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from food products for human consumption in Cartagena, Colombia. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 12: 454-461.
2
Arif, SK and Salih, LIF (2010). Identification of different categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in stool samples by using multiplex PCR technique. Asi. J. Medic. Sci., 2: 237-243.
3
Bako, E; Kagambèga, A; Traore, KA; Bagre, TS; Ibrahim, HB; Bouda, SC; Bonkoungou, IJO; Kaboré, S; Zongo, C; Traore, AS and Barro, N (2017). Characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated in organic waste products (cattle fecal matter, manure and slurry) from cattle’s markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 14: 1-12.
4
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8
Costa, CF; Monteiro Neto, V; Santos, BR; Costa, BR; Azevedo, A; Serra, JL; Mendes, HB; Nascimento, AR; Mendes, MB and Kuppinger, O (2014). Enterobacteria identification and detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in a port complex. Braz. J. Microbiol., 45: 945-952.
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Estrada-Garcia, T; Lopez-Saucedo, C; Thompson-Bonilla, R; Abonce, M; Lopez-Hernandez, D; Santos, JI and Long, KZ (2009). Association of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes with infection and diarrhea among mexican children and association of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli with acute diarrhea. J. Clin. Microbiol., 47: 93-98.
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Galal, HM; Hakim, AS and Sohad, MD (2013). Phenotypic and virulence genes screening of Escherichia coli strains isolated from different sources in delta Egypt. Lif. Sci. J., 10: 352-361.
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Gomes, TA; Elias, WP; Scaletsky, IC; Guth, BE; Rodrigues, JF; Piazza, RM; Ferreira, LC and Martinez, MB (2016). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Brazillian J. Microbiol., 47: 3-30.
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Hussein, HSS and Sakuma, T (2005). Invited review: prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle and their products. J. Dairy Sci., 88: 450-465.
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Kagambèga, A; Barro, N; Traoré, AS; Siitonen, A and Haukka, K (2012a). Characterization of Salmonella enterica and detection of the virulence genes specific to diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from poultry carcasses in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Foodborne Pathog. Dis., 9: 589-593.
17
Kagambèga, A; Martikainen, O; Lienemann, T; Siitonen, A; Traoré, AS; Barro, N and Haukka, K (2012b). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli detected by 16-plex PCR in raw meat and beef intestines sold at local markets in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 153: 154-158.
18
Kambire, O; Ama, AA; Yao, KM and Koffi-Nevry, R (2017). Prevalence of virulence genes associated with diarrheagenic pathotypes of Escherichia coli isolates from water, sediment, fish, and crab in Aby lagoon, Côte d’ivoire. Int. J. Microbiol., 2017: 9532170.
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Koo, HJ; Kwak, HS; Yoon, SH and Woo, GJ (2012). Phylogenetic group distribution and prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli isolates from food samples in South Korea. Wor. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 28: 1813-1816.
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Laury, A; Echeverry, A and Brashears, M (2009). Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in meat. In: Toldra, F (Ed.), Safety of meat and processed meat. (1st Edn.), Chapter 2, Lubbock, TX, USA, Springer. PP: 31-53.
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Mohammed, MAM (2012). Molecular characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from meat products sold at Mansoura city, Egypt. Food Cont., 25: 159-164.
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27
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28
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29
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30
Stein, RA and Katz, DE (2017). Escherichia coli, cattle and the propagation of disease. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 364: 1-11.
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Vidal, M; Kruger, E; Durán, C; Lagos, R; Levine, M; Prado, V; Toro, C and Vidal, R (2005). Single multiplex PCR assay to identify simultaneously the six categories of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli associated with enteric infections. J. Clin. Microbiol., 43: 5362-5365.
32
Wang, L; Nakamura, H; Kage-Nakadai, E; Hara-Kudo, Y and Nishikawa, Y (2017). Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis profiles of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli isolated from different retail foods. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 16: 44-52.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
In vitro evaluation of aflatoxin B1 effect on gas production and ruminal fermentation parameters
Background: Aflatoxins are fungal secondary metabolites negatively affecting ruminant performance; however, little information is available on their impact on rumen fermentation. Aims: This study aimed at determining the effects of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from Aspergillus flavus on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation parameters using two experiments (Exp.). Methods: In Exp. 1, two concentration ranges (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 µg/ml of rumen inoculum as low and 0, 5, and 10 µg/ml as high concentration ranges) were used to evaluate AFB1 effect on gas production kinetics using 96-h incubations. In Exp. 2, only the high concentration range was used to investigate AFB1 effects on ruminal fermentation parameters using 24-h incubations. Results: In the low concentration range, the half-time of asymptotic gas production (T1/2) increased and the fractional rate of gas production (µ) decreased linearly with AFB1 dosage (P<0.05). However, in the high concentration range, the asymptotic gas production (A) and T1/2 decreased; and the lag time (L) and “µ” increased linearly (P<0.001) by increasing the concentrations of AFB1. In Exp. 2, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) disappearance, microbial biomass (MB) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) concentrations were depressed, but pH and ammonia-N concentration increased (P<0.01) by increasing the concentrations of AFB1. The pattern of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was also modified by AFB1, as the propionate proportion increased at the expense of acetate. Conclusion: Aflatoxin B1 had an adverse effect on in vitro ruminal fermentation parameters in high concentration ranges (5 and 10 µg/ml).
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5503_ce2012c3f7912f36130f48490ddd9e7f.pdf
2019-12-01
263
269
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5503
aflatoxin B1
in vitro gas production
rumen fermentation parameters
VFA
M.
Khodabandehloo
1
MSc in Ruminant Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Malecky
mmalecky@basu.ac.ir
2
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Aliarabi
3
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
A. A.
Saki
4
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
D.
Alipour
5
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Alonso, VA; Pereyra, CM; Keller, LA; Dalcero, AM; Rosa, CA; Chiacchiera, SM and Cavaglieri, LR (2013). Fungi and mycotoxins in silage: an overview. J. Appl. Microbiol., 115: 637-643.
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enterolithiasis in horses: analysis of 15 cases treated surgically in Saudi Arabia
Background: The equine colic, which is caused by the presence of enteroliths that are most often found in the small or large colon, is typical for certain geographical regions (dry and hot climate). A diet rich in alfalfa is one of the highest risk factors. The earliest symptoms include weight loss and repeated episodes of colic pain. Aims: To present the results of operative treatment of 15 horses with enteroliths in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Fifteen purebred Arabian horses in Saudi Arabia, aged between 2 and 18 years, were treated. Decision about the surgery was based on clinical exam, ultrasound and rectal examination. The surgery was done on recumbent position in every case, under general inhalation anesthesia performed with izofluran. Results: Midline laparotomy was performed in all cases. Additional left flank laparotomy was performed in one horse, in which the stone was located in the proximal part of the small colon and parainguinal laparotomy was performed in 1 horse, in which the stone was located distally in the small colon. In each case, pelvic flexure enterotomy was performed in order to empty the large colon. Additionally, four horses underwent ventral colon enterotomy due to the presence of large stones. Small colon enterotomy was performed in 9 horses. In 12 cases treatment outcome was good and in 3 - poor. Chemical analysis of the stones showed similar results: calcium, calcium oxalate, ammonium, phosphates, and magnesium (Mg) were obtained in all these cases but there were quantitative differences accounting for 15 to 30%, 10 to 20%, 10%, 20 to 40%, and 10 to 15%, respectively. Conclusion: The results of surgery are generally good if stones are located in the large colon, but the prognosis is worse if they are located in the small colon, particularly in its proximal part. There is a huge importance of X-ray examination, which allows accurate diagnosis for locating the enteroliths and making a decision about surgery.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5504_2cc73f6571c7a4e6c9f4becec8ef78d2.pdf
2019-12-01
270
276
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5504
enterolithiasis
equine colic
laparotomy
B.
Turek
bernardturek@gmail.com
1
Department of Large Animals with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland; Al Khalediah Equine Hospital, Tebrak, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Witkowski
2
Al Khalediah Equine Hospital, Tebrak, Saudi Arabia; University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJ-UR, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
AUTHOR
O.
Drewnowska
3
Department of Large Animals with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 100, 02-797 Warsaw, Poland
AUTHOR
Anderson, SL; Vacek, JR; Macharg, MA and Holtkamp, DJ (2011). Occurrence of incisional complications and associated risk factors using a right ventral paramedian celiotomy incision in 159 horses. Vet. Surg., 40: 82-89.
1
Barrett, EJ and Munsterman, AS (2012). Parainguinal laparotomy as an alternative surgical approach for removal of an enterolith in the small colon of a horse. Equine Vet. Educ., 25: 442-446.
2
Cohen, ND; Vontur, CA and Rakestraw, PC (2000). Risk factors for enterolithiasis among horses in Texas. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 216: 1787-1794.
3
Dallap Schaer, B and Orsini, JA (2008). Gastrointestinal system. In: Orsini, JA and Divers, TJ (Eds.), Equine emergencies: treatment and procedures. (3rd Edn.), USA, Elsevier. PP: 147-148.
4
Hassel, DM; Langer, DL; Snyder, JR; Drake, CM; Goodell, ML and Wyle, A (1999). Evaluation of enterolithiasis in equids: 900 cases (1973-1996). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 214: 233-237.
5
Hassel, DM; Rakestraw, PC; Gardner, IA; Spier, SJ and Snyder, JR (2004). Dietary risk factors and colonic pH and mineral concentrations in horses with enterolithiasis. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 18: 346-349.
6
House, AM and Warren, LK (2016). Nutritional management of recurrent colic and colonic impactions. Equine Vet. Educ., 28: 167-172.
7
Jones, SL and Blikslager, AT (2004). Disorders of the gastrointestinal system. In: Reed, SM; Bayly, WM and Sellon, DC (Eds.), Equine internal medicine. (2nd Edn.), St. Loius, Missouri, USA, Elsevier. PP: 774-775.
8
Kelleher, ME; Puchalski, SM; Drake, C and le Jeune, SS (2014). Use of digital abdominal radiography for the diagnosis of enterolithiasis in equids: 238 cases (2008-2011). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 245: 126-129.
9
Klohnen, A (2013). Secondary approaches to the abdominal cavity for horses with signs of colic may be key to successful resolution of an either very proximal or very distal small colon obstruction. Equine Vet. Educ., 25: 447-450.
10
Maher, O; Puchalski, SM; Drake, C and le Jeune, SS (2011). Abdominal computed radiography for the diagnosis of enterolithiasis in horses: 142 cases (2003-2007). J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 239: 1483-1485.
11
Pierce, RL (2009). Enteroliths and other foreign bodies. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Equine Pract., 25: 329-340.
12
Pierce, RL; Fischer, AT; Rohrbach, BW and Klohnen, A (2010). Postoperative complications and survival after enterolith removal from the ascending or descending colon in horses. Vet. Surg., 39: 609-615.
13
Rouff, AA; Lager, GA; Arrue, D and Jaynes, J (2018). Trace elements in struvite equine enteroliths: concentration, speciation and influence of diet. J. Trace. Elem. Med. Biol., 45: 23-30.
14
Ruohoniemi, M; Kaikkonen, R; Raekallio, M and Luukkanen, L (2001). Abdominal radiography in monitoring the resolution of sand accumulations from the large colon of horses treated medically. Equine Vet. J., 33: 59-64.
15
Schumacher, J and Mair, TS (2002). Small colon obstructions in the mature horse. Equine Vet. Educ., 14: 19-28.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bacterial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 inside the cage broiler houses before and after disinfection
Background: Air in broiler houses is contaminated with considerable amounts of microbial aerosols, which affects the health of humans and birds. Thorough cleaning and disinfecting should be carried out to reduce particulate concentrations and minimize airborne microorganisms. Aims: To evaluate the effects of cleaning and disinfecting measures on bacterial communities in particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and particulate matter between 2.5 and 10 μm (PM10) inside broiler houses. Methods: A mixed disinfectant (containing aldehydes, alcohol, and quaternary ammonium salt) was sprayed to decontaminate broiler cage houses. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was performed in this study to compare the bacterial communities in PM2.5 and PM10 before and after disinfection. Results: A variety of pathogens and opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Bordetella, Pseudomonas, and Shewanella were detected, the quantities of which were noticeably reduced but not eradicated after disinfection. In addition, the impacts on several pathogens and opportunistic pathogens in PM2.5 were not significant, which may be due to bacterial resistance to this type of disinfectant or other reasons discussed in the present study. Conclusion: Our results suggest that disinfection measures were effective in decontaminating air and further improving the feeding environment. This finding will help develop a reasonable disinfecting scheme for broiler houses.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5505_2b5a5936e526fe93259cdb5862112c88.pdf
2019-12-01
277
282
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5505
bacterial communities
broiler houses
disinfection
particulate matter
16S rDNA sequencing
M.
Li
limingbj2017@163.com
1
Consultation Center of State Oceanic Administration, Building No. 3, Maguanying Jiayuan, Fengtai District, Beijing 100161, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.
Zhang
jbzhang30@sina.com.cn
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Ludong University, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
AUTHOR
X.
Zhang
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Ludong University, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
AUTHOR
J.
Tang
4
MSc Student in Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Ludong University, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
AUTHOR
M.
Li
5
MSc Student in Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Ludong University, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
AUTHOR
L.
Jiang
6
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Ludong University, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
AUTHOR
X.
Yu
7
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Ludong University, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
AUTHOR
H.
Zhu
8
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Science, Ludong University, Zhifu District, Yantai 264025, China
AUTHOR
Amal, MNA and Zamri-Saad, M (2011). Streptococcosis in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): a review. Pertanika J. Trop. Agric. Sci., 34: 195-206.
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Guiso, N (2009). Bordetella pertussis and pertussis vaccines. Clin. Infect. Dis., 49: 1565-1569.
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Henao, LD; Compagni, RD; Turolla, A and Antonelli, M (2018). Influence of inorganic and organic compounds on the decay of peracetic acid in wastewater disinfection. Chem. Eng. J., 337: 133-142.
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Hsieh, LY; Chen, CL; Wan, MW; Tsai, CH and Ying, IT (2008). Speciation and temporal characterization of dicarboxylic acids in pm 2.5 during a pm episode and a period of non-episodic pollution. Atmos. Environ., 42: 6836-6850.
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Lawniczek-Walczyk, A; Gorny, RL; Golefit-Szymczak, M; Niesler, A and Wlazlo, A (2013). Occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms, endotoxins and β-glucans in poultry houses at different stages of the production cycle. Ann. Agr. Env. Med., 20: 259-268.
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Meng, K; Wu, B; Gao, J; Cai, Y; Yao, M; Wei, L and Chai, T (2016). Immunity related protein expression and pathological lung damage in mice post-stimulation with ambient particulate matter from live bird markets. Front Immunol., 7: 252.
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Menichini, E and Monfredini, F (2011). Relationships between concentrations of particle-bound carcinogenic PAHs and PM10 particulate matter in urban air. Fresen. Environ. Bull., 10: 533-538.
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24
Rasooli, A; Nouri, M; Esmaeilzadeh, S; Ghadiri, A; Gharibi, D; Javaheri Koupaei, M and Moazeni, M (2018). Occurrence of purulent mandibular and maxillary osteomyelitis associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a sheep flock in south-west of Iran. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 19: 133-136.
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Rostamzadeh, Z; Mohammadian, M and Rostamzade, A (2016). Investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance pattern against antibiotics in clinical samples from Iranian educational hospital. Adv. Appl. Microbiol., 6: 190-194.
26
Russell, AD (1999). Bacterial resistance to disinfectants: present knowledge and future problems. J. Hosp. Infect., 43: S57-S68.
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Seedorf, J; Hartung, J; Schröder, M; Linkert, KH; Phillips, VR; Holden, MR; Sneath, RW; Short, JL; White, RP; Pedersen, S; Takai, H; Johnsen, JO; Metz, JHM; Groot Koerkamp, PWG; Uenk, GH and Wathes, CM (1998). Concentrations and emissions of airborne endotoxinsand microorganisms in livestock buildings in Northern Europe. J. Agric. Engng. Res., 70: 97-109.
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31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence-associated genes of Campylobacter isolates from raw chicken meat in Shiraz, Iran
Background: Campylobacter is recognized as a major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in humans in many countries and may be transferred from animals to humans. The consumption of chicken meat is identified as a major cause of Campylobacter infection in humans. Aims: To find out the contamination rate of chicken meat with Campylobacter, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern, and the virulence-associated genes of theisolates. Methods: Ninety packed chicken meat from 7 main poultry slaughterhouses in Shiraz were analyzed for Campylobacter spp. isolation through microbiological methods. Specific primers were used for the identification of the Campylobacter isolates on species level by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistant profiles were determined using the disc diffusion method based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. All the isolates were screened for 7 virulence-associated genes, namely cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, cadF, pldA, cgtB, and virB11 by PCR. Results: Out of 90 chicken meats, 26 (28.9%) Campylobacter spp. have been isolated. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NA), and cefixime (CFM) was observed in all the isolates. Resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), tetracycline (TET), ampicillin (AMP), and chloramphenicol (CHO) was 80.8%, 88.5%, 76.9%, and 30.8%, respectively. Multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype was observed in 80.8% of the Campylobacter isolates. All the isolates were positive for cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, and cadF genes. pldA and cgtB were detected in 65.4% and 15.4% of the isolates, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the presence of several virulence genes and an alarming level of MDR in Campylobacter spp. isolates were reported. Particularly, resistance to CIP and TET should be highlighted, since both are key drugs for the treatment of human campylobacteriosis.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5506_a4cd6c9ba22b269bdb2ff1834952c2fd.pdf
2019-12-01
283
288
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5506
Campylobacter
Chickens
Meat
resistance
virulence
F.
Fani
fe_fani@sums.ac.ir
1
Division of Bacteriology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Aminshahidi
2
MSc in Microbiology, Division of Bacteriology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Firoozian
3
MSc in Biotechnology, Division of Bacteriology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
N.
Rafaatpour
4
BSc in Medical Technology, Division of Bacteriology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Aarestrup, FM; McDermott, PF and Wegener, HC (2008). Transmission of antibiotic resistance from food animals to humans. In: Nachamkin, I; Szymanski, CM and Blaser, MJ (Eds.), Campylobacter. (3rd Edn.), Washington D.C., ASM Press. PP: 645-665.
1
Al-Mahmeed, A; Senok, AC; Ismaeel, AY; Bindayna, KM; Tabbara, KS and Botta, GA (2006). Clinical relevance of virulence genes in Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Bahrain. J. Med. Microbiol., 55: 839-843.
2
Aminshahidi, M; Arastehfar, A; Pouladfar, G; Arman, E and Fani, F (2017). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella with high rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production: two predominant etiological agents of acute diarrhea in Shiraz, Iran. Microb. Drug Resist., 23: 1037-1044.
3
Ansari-Lari, M; Hosseinzadeh, S; Shekarforoush, SS; Abdollahi, M and Berizi, E (2011). Prevalence and risk factors associated with Campylobacter infections in broiler flocks in Shiraz, southern Iran. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 144: 475-479.
4
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Wagenaar, JA (2018). Infection with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. In: OIE Manual of diagnostic tests and vaccines for terrestrial animals. (8th Edn)., Chapter 9.
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Zendehbad, B; Arian, AA and Alipour, A (2013). Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from poultry meat in Khorasan province, Iran. Food Control. 32: 724-727.
37
Zendehbad, B; Khayatzadeh, J and Alipour, A (2015). Prevalence, seasonality and antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates of retail broiler meat in Iran. Food Control. 53: 41-45.
38
Zhang, T; Luo, Q; Chen, Y; Li, T; Wen, G; Zhang, R; Luo, L; Lu, Q; Ai, D; Wang, H and Shao, H (2016). Molecular epidemiology, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spreading in retail chicken meat in Central China. Gut. Pathog., 8: 48.
39
Zilbauer, M; Dorrell, N; Wren, BW and Bajaj-Elliott, M (2008). Campylobacter jejuni-mediated disease pathogenesis: an update. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 102: 123-129.
40
Ziprin, RL; Young, CR; Byrd, JA; Stanker, LH; Hume, ME; Gray, SA; Kim, BJ and Konkel, ME (2001). Role of Campylobacter jejuni potential virulence genes in cecal colonization. Avian Dis., 45: 549-557.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Substance P as a potential biomarker of pain assessment in dogs
Background: Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that functions as a neuromodulator. It is released mainly in the brain stem and in nerve endings. Aims: The present study aimed to provide fundamental data that may be applied to the assessment of pain in dogs by evaluating their serum SP concentrations. Methods: Two groups of dogs were designated as pain groups that included 10 dogs with medial patella luxation (MPL) and 10 dogs with fractures, respectively, and 20 healthy dogs were enrolled as the control group. Results: The SP concentrations in the serum of the pain groups reached 485.5 ± 250.1 pg/ml that was significantly higher than those of the control group, which reached 116.4 ± 38.5 pg/ml. In particular, serum SP concentrations in dogs with fractures (663.3 ± 225.3 pg/ml) were significantly higher compared to those of dogs with MPL (307.8 ± 105.3 pg/ml), indicating that serum SP levels increased when the dogs experienced greater pain. Conclusion: These findings propose the possibility that SP might be a useful biomarker for pain assessment in dogs. The present study may provide fundamental data that can aid in future pain management in dogs.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5507_237d3a1191ad636ae8b0748714ebef6a.pdf
2019-12-01
289
292
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5507
dog
neurotransmitter
Pain assessment
substance P
J. S.
Yoon
1
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
AUTHOR
J.
Park
2
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
AUTHOR
R.
Song
3
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
AUTHOR
D.
Yu
yudh@gnu.ac.kr
4
Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
LEAD_AUTHOR
Allen, KA; Coetzee, JF; Edwards-Callaway, LN; Glyn, H; Dockweiler, J; KuKanich, B; Lin, H; Wang, C; Fraccaro, E; Jones, M and Bergamasco, L (2013). The effect of timing of oral meloxicam administration on physiological responses in calves after cautery dehorning with local anesthesia. J. Dairy Sci., 96: 5194-5205.
1
Bufalari, A; Adami, C; Angeli, G and Short, CE (2007). Pain assessment in animals. Vet. Res. Commun., 31: 55-58.
2
Coetzee, JF; Lubbers, BV; Toerber, SE; Gehring, R; Thomson, DU; White, BJ and Apley, MD (2008). Plasma concentrations of substance P and cortisol in beef calves after castration or simulated castration. Am. J. Vet. Res., 69: 751-762.
3
Derbyshire, DR and Smith, G (1984). Sympathoadrenal responses to anaesthesia and surgery. Br. J. Anaesth., 56: 725-739.
4
IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy (1979). The need of a taxonomy. Pain. 6: 249-252.
5
Ison, SH; Clutton, RE; Di Giminiani, P and Rutherford, KM (2016). A review of pain assessment in pigs. Front Vet. Sci., 28: 108.
6
Jang, MU; Park, JW; Kho, HS; Chung, SC and Chung, JW (2011). Plasma and saliva levels of nerve growth factor and neuropeptides in chronic migraine patients. Oral. Dis., 17: 187-193.
7
Jessell, TM (1982). Substance P in nociceptive sensory neurons. Ciba. Found. Symp., 91: 225-248.
8
Kemppainen, RJ and Sartin, JL (1984). Evidence for episodic but not circadian activity in plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotrophin, cortisol, and thyroxine in dogs. J. Endocrinol., 103: 219-226.
9
Lisowska, B; Siewruk, K and Lisowski, A (2016). Substance P and acute pain in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. PLoS One. 11: e0146400.
10
O’Connor, DT and Bernstein, KN (1984). Radioimmunoassay of chromogranin A in plasma as a measure of exocytotic sympathoadrenal activity in normal subjects and patients with pheochromocytoma. N. Engl. J. Med., 311: 764-770.
11
Reid, J; Nolan, AM and Scott, EM (2018). Measuring pain in dogs and cats using structured behavioural observation. Vet. J., 236: 72-79.
12
Rodriguez, AR; Herzberg, DE; Werner, MP; Müller, HY and Bustamante, HA (2018). Plasma concentration of norepinephrine, β-endorphin, and substance P in lame dairy cows. J. Vet. Res., 62: 193-197.
13
Schmidt, MJ; Roth, J; Ondreka, N; Kramer, M and Rummel, C (2013). A potential role for substance P and interleukin-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with neuropathic pain. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 27: 530-535.
14
Srithunyarat, T; Hagman, R; Höglund, OV; Stridsberg, M; Olsson, U; Hanson, J; Nonthakotr, C; Lagerstedt, AS and Pettersson, A (2017). Catestatin, vasostatin, cortisol, and pain assessments in dogs suffering from traumatic bone fractures. BMC. Res. Notes. 10: 129.
15
Srithunyarat, T; Höglund, OV; Hagman, R; Olsson, U; Stridsberg, M; Lagerstedt, AS and Pettersson, A (2016). Catestatin, vasostatin, cortisol, temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, scores of the short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale and visual analog scale for stress and pain behavior in dogs before and after ovariohysterectomy. BMC. Res. Notes. 9: 381.
16
Wei, T; Guo, TZ; Li, WW; Hou, S; Kingery, WS and Clark, JD (2012). Keratinocyte expression of inflammatory mediators plays a crucial role in substance P-induced acute and chronic pain. J. Neuroinflammation. 9: 181.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Performance, carcass characteristics and economics of broiler chickens fed dietary enzymes and probiotic
Background: Researchers are challenged with identification of possible feed additives with the ability to increase the efficiency of feed utilization. Aims: The present work aimed at studying growth pattern and carcass traits in broiler fed on dietary enzymes (Enzymex) and probiotic (Yeamark) over a period of six weeks. Methods: A completely randomized design, including 8 treatments, 3 replications and 15 birds in each experimental unit was applied. Results: The results showed that feed intake decreased significantly (P<0.05) which might be due to the birds fulfilling their nutrient requirements by taking less amount of feed with improved digestibility of energy sources and amino acids. The results of present study also demonstrate the beneficial effects on performance and dressed yield in the treated groups in broiler. Conclusion: Enzymes and probiotic are, therefore, suggested to be used as feed additives in broiler rations for higher profitability.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5508_1f2a6ea99b51a37768671a1db86dd515.pdf
2019-12-01
293
298
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5508
Broiler
Carcass Traits
Enzymes
Performance
Probiotic
S.
Kaushal
dr.sandeep108@gmail.com
1
Department of Livestock Production Management (LPM), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (G.B.P.U.A & T), Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
AUTHOR
R. K.
Sharma
2
Department of Livestock Production Management (LPM), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (G.B.P.U.A & T), Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
AUTHOR
D. V.
Singh
3
Department of Livestock Production Management (LPM), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (G.B.P.U.A & T), Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
AUTHOR
S. K.
Shukla
4
Department of Veterinary Medicine (VMD), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (G.B.P.U.A & T), Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
AUTHOR
S.
Kumar
5
Department of Livestock Production Management (LPM), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (G.B.P.U.A & T), Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
AUTHOR
J.
Palod
6
Department of Livestock Production Management (LPM), Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology (G.B.P.U.A & T), Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
AUTHOR
M. K.
Singh
drmksingh_1@rediffmail.com
7
Department of Poultry Science (PSC), Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya University of Veterinary Sciences and Cattle Research Institute (DUVASU), Mathura-281001, Uttar Pradesh, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alagawany, M; Elnesr, ShS and Farag, MR (2018). The role of exogenous enzymes in promoting growth and improving nutrient digestibility in poultry. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 18: 157-164.
1
Behnamifar, AR; Rahimi, Sh; Kiaei, MM and Fayazi, H (2019). Comparison of the effect of probiotic, prebiotic, salinomycin and vaccine in control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 20: 51-54.
2
Chuka, E (2014). Comparative study of the effects of probiotic and commercial enzyme on growth rate, haematology and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Food Proc. And Technol., 5: 367.
3
Kramer, CY (1957). Extension of multiple range tests to group correlated adjusted means. Biometrics. 13: 13-17.
4
Midilli, M and Tuncer, SD (2001). The effect of enzyme and probiotic supplementation to diets on broiler performance. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 25: 895-903.
5
Momtazan, R; Moravej, H; Zaghari, M and Taheri, HR (2011). A note on the effects of a combination of an enzyme complex and probiotic in the diet on performance of broiler chickens. Irish J. Agril. Food Res., 50: 249-254.
6
Narasimha, J; Nagalakshmi, D; Viroji Rao, ST; Venkateswerlu, M and Ramana Reddy, Y (2013). Associative effect of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes and probiotics on performance, nutrient utilization and gut health of broilers fed sub-optimal energy diets. Int. J. Engineering Sci., 2: 28-31.
7
Rahman, MS; Mustari, A; Salauddin, M and Rahman, MM (2013). Effects of probiotics and enzymes on growth performance and haematobiochemical parameters in broilers. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ., 11: 111-118.
8
Singh, MK; Sharma, RK and Singh, SK (2017). Neem supplementation for profitable poultry production: a review. Ind. J. Poult. Sci., 52: 239-245.
9
Singh, MK; Singh, SK; Sharma, RK; Singh, B; Kumar, Sh; Joshi, SK; Kumar; S and Sathapathy, S (2015). Performance and carcass characteristics of guinea fowl fed on dietary Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder as growth promoter. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 16: 78-82.
10
Singh, MK; Singh, SK; Sharma, RK; Singh, B; Kumar, S; Patoo, RA; Joshi, SK; Sathapathy, S and Chaudhari, BK (2014). Carcass characteristics of guinea fowl supplemented with Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf powder. Int. J. Bas. Appl. Agric. Res., 12: 412-415.
11
Zakaria, HAH; Jalal, MAR and Ishmais, MAA (2010). The influence of supplemental multi-enzyme feed additive on the performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9: 126-133.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ostrich (Struthio camelus) primordial germ cells in embryonic blood and presumptive gonad: characterization by PAS and immunohistochemistry
Background: Among the birds, chicken was the model used in the majority of studies on germ cells and other birds like quail, turkey and pheasant had some interest but ostrich has been lacking from these researches. Aims: The present study was conducted to confirm the presence of ostrich primordial germ cells (PGCs) in the embryonic blood and to determine the appropriate time for having them in the blood. Methods: Embryos were extracted in embryonic day (E) 6-12, their blood was obtained and the rest of the embryos were processed for histological examinations. Staining by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method and immunohistochemistry (IHC) using stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1) and stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) antibodies (Abs) were used for identification of the PGCs. Results: While the blood circulating ostrich PGCs were SSEA1-negative and SSEA4-positive, in the presumptive gonads PGCs showed negative immunoreactivity for both Abs. Although the ostrich PGCs were PAS-positive in both blood and presumptive gonad, their PAS-positive contents reduced during development from E 10 to E 12. Conclusion: E 9, when the hind limb buds appear, is the best time for detecting PGCs in the ostrich embryonic blood.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5509_e5cba478f2cd64c3922d368a08eaead2.pdf
2019-12-01
299
303
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5509
Immunohistochemistry
Ostrich embryo
PGC
Presumptive gonad
SSEA
B.
Hassanzadeh
1
Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Nabipour
nabipour@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
H.
Dehghani
3
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ando, Y and Fujimoto, T (1983). Ultrastructural evidence that chick primordial germ cells leave the blood-vascular system prior to migrating to the gonadal anlagen. Dev. Growth Differ., 23: 345-352.
1
Armengol, C; Carretero, A; Nacher, V; Ruberte, J and Navarro, M (2007). Carbohydrate characterization of quail primordial germ cells during migration and gonadal differentiation. J. Anat., 210: 98-111.
2
Chan, AM (2010). Formation of presumptive embryoid bodies in undifferentiated gonadal cell cultures from the embryonic chick due to the presence of primordial germ cells. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, US.
3
D’costa, S and Petitte, JN (1999). Characterization of stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) expression during early development of the turkey embryo. Int. J. Dev. Biol., 43: 349-356.
4
Encinas, G; Zogbi, C and Stumpp, T (2012). Detection of four germ cell markers in rats during testis morphogenesis: differences and similarities with mice. Cells Tissues Organs. 195: 443-455.
5
Ginsburg, M and Eyal-Giladi, H (1986). Temporal and spatial aspects of the gradual migration of primordial germ cells from the epiblast into the germinal crescent in the avian embryo. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 95: 53-71.
6
Hamburger, V and Hamilton, HL (1951). A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo. J. Morph., 88: 45-92.
7
Han, JY (2009). Germ cells and transgenesis in chickens. Comp. Immunol. Microb., 32: 61-80.
8
Karagenç, L; Cinnamon, Y; Ginsburg, M and Petitte, JN (1996). Origin of primordial germ cells in the prestreak chick embryo. Dev. Genet., 19: 290-301.
9
Kim, JN; Lee, YM; Park, TS; Jung, JG; Cho, BW; Lim, JM and Han, JY (2005). Detection and characterization of primordial germ cells in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) embryos. Theriogenology. 63: 1038-1049.
10
Kuwana, T; Maeda-Suga, H and Fujimoto, T (1986). Attraction of chick primordial germ cells by gonadal anlage in vitro. Anat. Rec., 215: 403-406.
11
Man, YG and Tavassoli, FA (1996). A simple epitope retrieval method without the use of microwave oven or enzyme digestion. Appl. Immunohistochem., 4: 139-141.
12
Meyer, DB (1960). Application of the periodic acid-schiff technique to whole chick embryos. Stain Technol., 35: 83-89.
13
Nagai, H; Mak, SS; Weng, W; Nakaya, Y; Ladher, R and Sheng, G (2011). Embryonic development of the emu, Dromaius novaehollandiae. Dev. Dyn., 240: 162-175.
14
Nye, JS; Kopan, R and Axel, R (1994). An activated Notch suppresses neurogenesis and myogenesis but not gliogenesis in mammalian cells. Development. 120: 2421-2430.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Successful treatment of cardiac dysrhythmia associated with foot and mouth disease in a calf
Background: Foot and mouth disease (FMD), which causes myocarditis, results in 50% sudden death in the suckling calves. Occurrence of arrhythmias associated with FMD induced myocarditis in calves is not reported hitherto. The present work documents the arrhythmias associated with FMD in calf and their treatment using appropriate antiarrhythmic drugs. Case description: A three-month-old male Holstein Friesian crossbred calf naturally suffering from FMD was selected for the present study. Findings/treatment and outcome: Cardiac auscultation revealed grade 4 systolic murmurs and electrocardiography (ECG) showed sustained polymorphic ventricular premature complexes (PVPCs) with tachycardia on bipolar base apex lead. Apart from standard treatment, lidocaine 2% was administered at dose of 0.6 mg/kg intravenously over 15 min once a day and sinus rhythm was restored by 76 h post-treatment. Review of ECG and haematobiochemical examination revealed normal findings on 7th day of treatment. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the presence of sustained PVPCs with tachycardia due to FMD induced myocarditis and the successful use of lidocaine in restoring the sinus rhythm and recovery of the calf.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5510_416614fc971eb0fc1a4dd2543eb14adf.pdf
2019-12-01
304
307
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5510
Arrhythmia
Flunixin meglumine
FMD
lidocaine
Myocarditis
M.
Priyanka
bidarvet@gmail.com
1
Animal Experimentation Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
K.
Mahendran
2
Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly-243122, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
V.
Umapathi
3
FMD Research Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, India
AUTHOR
H. J.
Dechamma
4
FMD Research Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, India
AUTHOR
B. H. M.
Patel
5
Animal Experimentation Station, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, India
AUTHOR
G. R.
Reddy
6
FMD Research Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, India
AUTHOR
A.
Sanyal
7
FMD Research Laboratory, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Regional Campus, Hebbal, Bengaluru-560024, India
AUTHOR
Aktas, MS; Ozkanlar, Y; Oruc, E; Sozdutmaz, I and Kirbas, A (2015). Myocarditis associated with foot-and-mouth disease in suckling calves. Vet. Arhiv., 85: 273-282.
1
Alexandersen, S; Zhang, Z; Donaldson, AI and Garland, AJM (2003). The pathogenesis and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. J. Comp. Pathol., 129: 1-36.
2
Aslani, MR; Mohri, M and Movassaghi, AR (2013). Serum troponin I as an indicator of myocarditis in lambs affected with foot and mouth disease. Vet. Res. Forum. 4: 59-62.
3
Barker, IK; Van Dreumel, AA and Palmer, N (1993). The alimentary system. In: Jubb, KVF; Kennedy, PC and Palmer, N (Eds.), Pathology of domestic animals. (4th Edn.), San Diego, CA, Academic Press. PP: 141-144.
4
Baski, AJ; Kanaganayagam, GS and Prasad, SK (2015). Arrhythmias in viral myocarditis and pericarditis. Card. Electrophysiol. Clin., 7: 269-281.
5
Brown, CC; Meyer, RF; Olander, HJ; House, C and Mebus, CA (1992). A pathogenesis study of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle, using in-situ hybridization. Can. J. Vet. Res., 56: 189-193.
6
Deluigi, CC; Ong, P; Hill, S; Wagner, A; Kispert, E; Klingel, K; Kandolf, R; Sechtem, U and Mahrholdt, H (2013). ECG findings in comparison to cardiovascular MR imaging in viral myocarditis. Int. J. Cardiol., 165: 100-106.
7
El Beskawy, MA; Farag, VM and Saad, MA (2016). Epidemiological and clinicopathological studies of sheep naturally infected with foot and mouth disease virus (SAT2) in Egypt. Alex. J. Vet. Sci., 49: 129-137.
8
Kaya, A; Kozat, S; Ozkan, C; Yildirim, S; Akgul, Y and Akgul, O (2013). Serum homocysteine levels in calves with foot and mouth disease. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 12: 1357-1361.
9
Klein, RM; Vester, EG; Brehm, MU; Dees, H; Picard, F; Niederacher, D; Beckmann, MW and Strauer, BE (2000). Inflammation of the myocardium as an arrhythmia trigger. Z. Kardiol., 3: 24-35.
10
Radostits, OM; Gay, CC; Hinchcliff, KW and Constable, PD (2007). Veterinary medicine. A textbook of the diseases of cattle, horses, sheep, pigs and goats. 10th Edn., London, UK, W. B. Saunders. PP: 1223-1230.
11
Sheu, SS and Lederer, WJ (1985). Lidocaine’s negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic actions. Dependence on shortening of action potential duration and reduction of intracellular sodium activity. Circ. Res., 57: 578-590.
12
Sobhy, NM; Yasmin, HB; Sunil, KM; El-Zahara, HI and Goyal, SM (2018). Outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in Egypt: molecular epidemiology, evolution and cardiac biomarkers prognostic significance. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med., 6: 22-30.
13
Ukena, C; Mahfoud, F; Kindermann, I; Kandolf, R; Kindermann, M and Bohm, M (2011). Prognostic electrocardiographic parameters in patients with suspected myocarditis. Eur. J. Hrt. Fail., 13: 398-405.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Duck plague outbreak in a Chara-Chemballi duck farm
Background: Duck rearing is one of the important livelihoods of rural people. Duck plague is one of the diseases causing heavy mortality resulting in economic losses. Case description: An outbreak of duck plague in a farm in Kadavakathi Village near Tenkasi, Tirunelveli Dt., is reported. Findings/treatment and outcome: Two thousands out of 4500 Chara-Chemballi breed of ducks which were recently purchased from Chenganacherry in Kerala died, with a mortality rate of 44.4%. Clinical signs of inappetence, partial closure of eyelid, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity, oculo-nasal discharge, soiled vent with green white watery diarrhoea, ataxia, incoordination and sudden death were observed. Necropsy examination revealed diphtheritic membrane in the oesophagus, congestion, petechial haemorrhages and multifocal gray white areas on the surface of the liver, epicardial haemorrhages, congested trachea, lung, kidneys, splenomegaly with mottled appearance and enteritis. Microscopical examination revealed presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions in the epithelial cells of the intestine and hepatocytes, degeneration and necrosis of enterocytes, dilated crypt epithelial cells with presence of eosinophilic intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusions, congestion and lymphoid cell depletion in the spleen, vasculitis, congestion, and haemorrhages in the trachea and lungs, proventriculitis, and congested kidneys. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also confirmed the duck plague viral infection by the amplification of polymerase gene fragment (446 bp). Conclusion: Based on the above findings, the Chara-Chemballi duck disease outbreak was diagnosed as duck viral enteritis infection.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5511_4920f9cd5abda40debb69c0b247382f9.pdf
2019-12-01
308
312
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5511
Chara-Chemballi duck
Duck plague
Molecular identification
Pathology
N.
Pazhanivel
drnpvel@yahoo.co.in
1
Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.
Rajeswar
2
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
AUTHOR
R.
Ramprabhu
3
Department of Clinics, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
AUTHOR
S.
Manoharan
4
Vaccine Research Centre-Bacterial Vaccines, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-51, India
AUTHOR
M. A.
Bala
5
MSc in Biotechnology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, India
AUTHOR
C.
Balachandran
6
Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, India
AUTHOR
K.
Kumanan
7
Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 051, India
AUTHOR
S.
Prathaban
8
Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tirunelveli-627 358, India
AUTHOR
R.
Saahithya
9
Graduated from Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, India
AUTHOR
Bulbule, VD (1982). Some common diseases of ducks, their prevention and control. Poult. Adv., 26: 37-40.
1
Campagnolo, ER; Banerjee, M; Panigrahy, B and Jones, RL (2001). An outbreak of duck viral enteritis (duck plague) in domestic Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata domesticus) in Illinois. Avian Dis., 45: 522-528.
2
Carter, GR; Flores, EF and Wise, DJ (2006). “Herpesviridae”. A concise review of veterinary virology. Online Edn., Ithaca, NY, International Veterinary Information Service. www.ivis.org. PP: 1-14.
3
Chellapandian, M; Piramamayagam, S and Balachandran, S (2005). Incidence of duck virus enteritis in Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Indian Vet. J., 82: 913.
4
Das, M; Khan, MSR; Amin, MM; Hossain, MT; Das, SK and Begum, K (2009). Persistence of maternally derived antibody in selected group of ducklings to duck plague virus vaccine. Bangladesh J. Microbiol., 25: 1-4.
5
Dhama, K; Kumar, N; Saminathan, M; Tiwari, R; Karthik, K; Kumar, MA; Palanivelu, M; Shabbir, MZ; Malik, YS and Singh, RK (2017). Duck virus enteritis (duck plague)-a comprehensive update. Vet. Q., 37: 57-80.
6
Fenner, FJ; Gibbs, EPJ; Murphy, FA; Rott, R; Studdert, MJ and White, DO (1993). Veterinary virology. 2nd Edn., Academic Press, Inc., ISBN 0-12-253056-X. P: 674.
7
Gough, RE (2008). Duck virus enteritis. In: Pattison, M; McMullin, P; Bradbury, J and Alexander, DJ (Eds.), Poultry diseases. (6th Edn), USA, Saunders Elsevier. PP: 272-273.
8
Hanaa, A; El-Samadony, LA; Tantawy, SE and Afaf, AK (2013). Molecular characterization of circulating duck viral enteritis in Egypt during 2012-2013. Br. J. Poult. Sci., 2: 38-44.
9
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