ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular characterization of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene among virulent Newcastle disease viruses isolated in Iran
Background: Virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) causes great economic losses to the poultry industry throughout the world. Despite the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) and occurrence of recurrent outbreaks, the nature and genetic features of circulating NDV strains in Iran are largely unknown. Aims: This study was conducted to characterize 13 NDV isolates obtained from different outbreaks in various regions of Iran during 1999-2000 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of complete coding sequences of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. Methods: All isolates were analyzed based on the previously determined in vivo pathogenicity indices and amino acid (aa) sequences of fusion (F) protein cleavage site (FPCS). Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on the HN gene coding region revealed a very close relationship of these viruses with the recently defined genotype XIII, and more specifically, subgenotype XIIIa viruses. Analysis of HN gene nucleotide (nt) sequences revealed that all studied isolates encode for a protein length of 571 aa and there is no C-terminal extension on HN aa sequences. Sequence analysis revealed multiple aa residue substitutions at antigenic sites or neutralizing epitopes on the HN glycoprotein of studied viruses compared with commonly used vaccinal strains. Conclusion: In this study, molecular characterization of vNDV isolates, obtained from commercial poultry farms in Iran, were conducted through complete sequencing and analysis of HN gene. Isolation and molecular characterization of further NDV isolates from other parts of Iran and from neighboring countries in the region will be helpful to identify the nature and origin of indigenous viruses.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5135_86551781734e1b2c7268383c3309047f.pdf
2019-03-01
1
8
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5135
Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase gene
Iran
Newcastle disease virus
Phylogenetic analysis
Poultry
M.
Soltani
1
Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. M.
Peighambari
mpeigham@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S. A.
Pourbakhsh
3
Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Ashtari
4
Avian Diseases Research and Diagnosis Department, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Rezaei Far
5
Graduated from Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Abdoshah
6
Quality Control Management, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Abdoshah, M; Pourbakhsh, SA; Peighambari, SM; Shojadoost, B; Momayez, R and Mojahedi, Z (2012). Pathogenicity indices of Newcastle Disease viruses isolated from Iranian poultry flocks in Iran. J. Vet. Res., 67: 159-164.
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Mayahi, V and Esmaelizad, M (2017). Molecular evolution and epidemiological links study of Newcastle disease virus isolates from 1995 to 2016 in Iran. Arch. Virol., 162: 3727-3743.
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44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of first and second acupuncture treatments in horses with chronic laminitis
Background: Laminitis is a common but critical disease that causes severe pain and disability in horses. The etiology and pathogenesis of laminitis remain inconclusive and a multimodal therapeutic approach is generally indicated. Acupuncture has been used as a treatment option; however, the required number of treatments is still controversial due to the lack of objective scientific evidence. Aims: The objective of this study was to determine if the response to a second acupuncture treatment differed from the response to the first acupuncture treatment in horses with chronic laminitis. Methods: Fourteen horses with chronic laminitis were identified. Acupuncture points were determined based on the results of a diagnostic acupuncture palpation examination. The second acupuncture treatment and lameness examination were conducted one week after the first treatment. Ten minutes after each acupuncture treatment, a lameness examination was performed and included an objective examination using a body-mounted inertial sensor system called “Lameness Locator” and a routine lameness examination following the “American Association of Equine Practitioners” (AAEP) lameness scale. The level of lameness was statistically analyzed using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test with p-values <0.05 considered significant. Results: Both objective (P=0.042) and routine lameness examinations (P=0.027) showed that the level of lameness significantly decreased after the second acupuncture treatment compared to the response to the first treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that continued acupuncture treatments will result in increasing levels of pain relief, showing the advantage of performing more than one acupuncture treatment in horses with chronic laminitis.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5136_c52b90899a70ec17d61024ef230a0431.pdf
2019-03-01
9
12
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5136
Acupuncture
horse
Laminitis
Objective lameness examination
D.
Lee
1
College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
AUTHOR
K.
May
2
El Cajon Valley Veterinary Hospital, El Cajon, CA, USA
AUTHOR
B.
Faramarzi
bfaramarzi@westernu.edu
3
College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Cantwell, SL (2010). Traditional Chinese veterinary medicine: the mechanism and management of acupuncture for chronic pain. Top. Companion Anim. Med., 25: 53-58.
1
Cayir, Y; Ozdemir, G; Celik, M; Aksoy, H; Akturk, Z; Laloglu, E and Akcay, F (2014). Acupuncture decreases matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity in patients with migraine. Acupunct. Med., 32: 376-380.
2
Dong, H; Fan, YH; Zhang, W; Wang, Q; Yang, QZ and Xiong, LZ (2009). Repeated electroacupuncture preconditioning attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and activity after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neurol. Res., 31: 853-858.
3
Ezzo, J; Berman, B; Hadhazy, VA; Jadad, AR; Lao, L and Singh, BB (2000). Is acupuncture effective for the treatment of chronic pain? A systematic review. Pain. 86: 217-225.
4
Faramarzi, B (2014). Morphological and biomechanical properties of equine laminar junction. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 34: 589-592.
5
Fry, LM; Neary, SM; Sharrock, J and Rychel, JK (2014). Acupuncture for analgesia in veterinary medicine. Top. Companion Anim. Med., 29: 35-42.
6
Habacher, G; Pittler, MH and Ernst, E (2006). Effectiveness of acupuncture in veterinary medicine: systematic review. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 20: 480-488.
7
Hackett, GE; Spitzfaden, DM; May, KJ; Savoldi, M and Dodd, M (1997). Acupuncture: is it effective for alleviation pain in the horse? Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract., 43: 333-335.
8
Heymering, HW (2010). 80 causes, predispositions, and pathways of laminitis. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine. 26: 13-19.
9
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10
Hunt, RJ (1993). A retrospective evaluation of laminitis in horses. Equine Vet. J., 25: 61-64.
11
Irnich, D; Cummings, M; Behrens, N; Molzen, H; König, A; Gleditsch, J; Krauss, M; Natalis, M; Senn, E and Beyer, A (2001). Randomised trial of acupuncture compared with conventional massage and “sham” laser acupuncture for treatment of chronic neck pain. BMJ. 322: 1-6.
12
Jeong, YJ; Lee, JH; Lee, SK; Kim, DR and Koh, BH (2009). A Sasang constitutional study on the Myunghyun symptom. J. Sasang Constitutional Med., 21: 20-27.
13
Keegan, KG; Kramer, J; Yonezawa, Y; Maki, H; Pai, PF; Dent, EV; Kellerman, TE; Wilson, DA and Reed, SK (2011). Assessment of repeatability of a wireless, inertial sensor-based lameness evaluation system for horses. Am. J. Vet. Res., 72: 1156-1163.
14
Kim, DH; Liu, J; Choi, SH; Macmanus, P; Jennings, P; Darcy, K; Burke, F; Leorald, N and Rogers, PA (2006). Acupuncture treatment in a case with equine laminitis. J. Vet. Clin., 23: 6-8.
15
Lancaster, LS and Bowker, RM (2012). Acupuncture points of the horse’s distal thoracic limb: a neuroanatomic approach to the transposition of traditional points. Animals. 2: 455-471.
16
Laskoski, LM; Valadão, CAA; Dittrich, RL; Deconto, I and Faleiros, RR (2016). An update on equine laminitis. Ciência Rural. 46: 547-553.
17
Le Jeune, S; Henneman, K and May, K (2016). Acupuncture and equine rehabilitation. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Equine. 32: 73-85.
18
Loftus, JP; Johnson, PJ; Belknap, JK; Pettigrew, A and Black, SJ (2009). Leukocyte-derived and endogenous matrix metalloproteinases in the lamellae of horses with naturally acquired and experimentally induced laminitis. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 129: 221-230.
19
Macpherson, H; Tilbrook, H; Richmond, S; Woodman, J; Ballard, K; Atkin, K; Bland, M; Eldred, J; Essex, H and Hewitt, C (2015). Alexander technique lessons or acupuncture sessions for persons with chronic neck pain: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med., 163: 653-662.
20
Mccracken, MJ; Kramer, J; Keegan, KG; Lopes, M; Wilson, DA; Reed, SK; Lacarrubba, A and Rasch, M (2012). Comparison of an inertial sensor system of lameness quantification with subjective lameness evaluation. Equine Vet. J., 44: 652-656.
21
Mitchell, CF; Fugler, LA and Eades, SC (2015). The management of equine acute laminitis. Vet. Med. Res. Rep., 6: 39-47.
22
Parks, AH and O’grady, SE (2015). Chronic laminits. In: Sprayberry, KA and Robinson, NE (Eds.), Robinson’s current therapy in equine medicine. (7th Edn.), St. Louis, Missouri, Elsevier. PP: 869-878.
23
Petermann, U (2011). Comparison of pre-and post-treatment pain scores of twenty one horses with laminitis treated with acupoint and topical low level impulse laser therapy. Am. J. Tradit. Chinese Vet. Med., 6: 13-25.
24
Pollitt, CC (2004). Equine laminitis. Clin. Tech. Equine P., 3: 34-44.
25
Robinson, KA and Manning, ST (2015). Efficacy of a single-formula acupuncture treatment for horses with palmar heel pain. Can. Vet. J., 56: 1257-1260.
26
Shmalberg, J and Xie, H (2009). The clinical application of equine acupuncture. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 29: 645-652.
27
Swanson, TD (1984). Guide for veterinary service and judging of equestrian events. 3rd Edn., Golden, Colorado, American Association of Equine Practitioners. P: 24.
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Tangjitjaroen, W; Shmalberg, J; Colahan, PT and Xie, H (2009). Equine acupuncture research: an update. J. Equine Vet. Sci., 29: 698-709.
29
Thoresen, AS (2001). Equine ting-point therapy and Thoresen’s coronary band therapy. In: Schoen, AM (Ed.), Veterinary acupuncture. (2nd Edn.), St. Louis, Mosby. PP: 489-501.
30
Tsuchiya, M; Sato, EF; Inoue, M and Asada, A (2007). Acupuncture enhances generation of nitric oxide and increases local circulation. Anesth. Analg., 104: 301-307.
31
Yoon, CH (2009). A study of reports about dizziness reaction - focus on the China academic journal. J. Korean Oriental Med., 30: 1-15.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparative evaluation of clinical efficiency of intramuscular diazepam-ketamine, medetomidine-ketamine, and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in Ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
Background: Several injectable anaesthetics and sedatives are used in various avian species for general anaesthesia. Birds are very sensitive animals and any mismanagement in a crisis can lead to immediate shock and death. Therefore, careful selection of the safest possible anaesthetic agent and dose is very important. Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the clinical efficiency of diazepam-ketamine (DK), medetomidine-ketamine (MK), and xylazine-ketamine (XK) combinations anaesthetic regimens in pheasants. Methods: Twenty-four pheasants were divided into three equal groups and received one of three anaesthetic combinations by intramuscular injections: 9.0 mg/kg diazepam and 150.0 mg/kg ketamine, 0.20 mg/kg medetomidine and 80.0 mg/kg ketamine, and 3.0 mg/kg xylazine and 80.0 mg/kg ketamine. Each pheasant was pre-medicated with sedative drugs and 5 min later, anaesthesia was induced with ketamine injection. Results: The weak time (2.50 ± 1.07 min; mean±SD) and down time (6.13 ± 1.25 min) were shortest in group XK. The sleep time was longest (73 ± 20.24 min) while the recovery time (157 ± 13.61 min) was shortest in group MK. Muscle relaxation was excellent during the anaesthesia in all groups. The recovery phase of the birds was uneventful. Heart rate (HR) in DK group was statistically higher than MK and XK groups. Body temperature (BT) decreased in all groups compared to baseline values and those of MK group were lower than DK and XK groups. Respiratory rate (RR) in XK group was significantly lower than DK and MK groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the MK combination shows better anaesthetic outcome compared to DK or XK combinations in pheasants.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5137_31a2cad240722f21916d210a86da8db8.pdf
2019-03-01
13
18
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5137
Diazepam
ketamine
Medetomidine
Pheasant
Xylazine
M.
Kaya
kayam@omu.edu.tr
1
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
H. O.
Nisbet
2
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
AUTHOR
M.
Cenesiz
3
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey
AUTHOR
Atalan, G; Uzun, M; Demirkan, I; Yildiz, S and Cenesiz, M (2002). Effect of medetomidine-butorphanol-ketamine anaesthesia and atipamezole on heart and respiratory rate and cloacal temperature of domestic pigeons. J. Vet. Med. A., 49: 281-285.
1
Capuano, SV; Lerche, NW and Valverde, CR (1999). Cardiovascular, respiratory, thermoregulatory, sedative, and analgesic effects of intravenous administration of medetomidine in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Lab. Anim. Sci., 49: 537-544.
2
Christensen, J; Fosse, RT; Halvorsen, OJ and Morild, I (1987). Comparison of various anesthetic regimens in the domestic fowl. Am. J. Vet. Res., 48: 1649-1657.
3
Curro, TG (1998). Anesthesia of pet birds. Sem. Avian Exo. Pet Med., 7: 10-21.
4
Durrani, UF; Khan, MA and Ahmad, SS (2008). Com-parative efficacy (sedative and anaesthetic) of detomidine, ketamine and detomidine-ketamine cocktail in pigeons (Columba livia). Paki. Vet. J., 28: 115-118.
5
Forbes, NA (1998). Avian anesthesia. Vet. Q.; 20: 265-266.
6
Gandomani, M; Ghashghaii, A; Tamadon, A; Auaran, HR; Behzadi, MA and Javdni, Z (2011). Comparison of anaesthetic effects of Ketamine-Xylazine and Ketamine-Diazepam combination in budgerigar. Vet. Scan., 6: 52-56.
7
Gunkel, C and Lafortune, M (2005). Current techniques in avian anesthesia. Sem. Avian Exo. Pet Med., 14: 263-276.
8
Hall, LW; Clarke, KW and Trim, CM (2001). Veterinary anaesthesia. (10th Edn.), England, W. B. Saunders, Harcourt Publishers Limited. PP: 472-475.
9
Kaya, M and Soylu, SM (2013). Analysis of electro-cardiographic parameters in the conscious common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Kafkas Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 19: 1039-1044.
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Lichtenberger, M and Ko, J (2007). Anesthesia and analgesia for small mammals and birds. Vet. Clin. Exot. Anim., 10: 293-315.
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Lierz, M andKorbel, R (2012). Anesthesia and analgesia in birds. J. Exot. Pet. Med., 21: 44-58.
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Lumeij, J and Dennik, J (2003). Medetomidine-ketamine and diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia in racing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) a comparative study. J. Avian Med. Surg., 17: 191-196.
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Machin, KL and Caulkett, NA (1998). Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol and a medetomidine-midazolam-ketamine combination in mallard ducks. Am. J. Vet. Res., 59: 598-602.
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Mahmud, MA; Shaba, P; Yisa, HY; Gana, J; Ndagimba, R and Ndagi, S (2004). Comparative efficacy of Diazepam, Ketamine, and Diazepam-Ketamine combination for sedation or anesthesia in cockerel chickens. J. Adv. Vet. Anim. Res., 1: 107-113.
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Maiti, SK; Tiwary, R; Vasan, P and Dutta, A (2006). Xylazine, diazepam and midazolam premedicated ketamine anaesthesia in white leghorn cockerels for typhlectomy. J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc., 77: 12-18.
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McGrath, CJ; Lee, JC and Campbell, VL (1984). Dose-response anesthetic effects of ketamine in the chicken. Am. J. Vet. Res., 45: 531-534.
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Morgan, CJ and Curran, HV (2012). Ketamine use: a review. Addiction. 107: 27-38.
18
Mostachio, GQ; de-Oliveira, LD; Carciofi, AC and Vicente WR (2008). The effects of anesthesia with a combination of intramuscular xylazine-diazepam-ketamine on heart rate, respiratory rate and cloacal temperature in roosters. Vet. Anaesth. Analg., 35: 232-236.
19
Muresan, C; Czirjak, GA; Pap, PL and Köbölkuti, LB (2008). Ketamine and xylazine anaesthesia in the house sparrow. Bulletin UASVM, Vet. Med., 65: 193-195.
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Paul-Murphy, J and Fialkowski, J (2001). Injectable anesthesia and analgesia of birds. In: Gleed, R and Ludders, J (Eds.), Recent advances in veterinary anesthesia and analgesia: companion animals. (1st Edn.), Ithaca, NY, International Veterinary Information Service. E-Book: https://www.ivis.org/advances/Anesthesia_Gleed/paul/chapter.asp?LA=1, Last access date: 18.02.2019.
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Sandmeier, P (2000). Evaluation of medetomidine for short-term immobilization of domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and Amazon parrots (Amazona species). J. Avian Med. Surg., 14: 8-14.
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Sinclair, MD (2003). A review of the physiological effects of α-agonists related to the clinical use of medetomidine in small animal practice. Can. Vet. J., 44: 885-897.
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Sinn, LC (1994). Anesthesiology. In: Ritchie, BW; Harrison, GJ and Harrison, LR (Eds.), Avian medicine: principles and application. (1st Edn.), Lake Worth, Wingers Publishing. PP: 1066-1080.
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Uzun, M; Yildiz, S; Atalan, G; Kaya, M and Sulu, N (2003). Effects of medetomidine-ketamine combination anaesthesia on electrocardiographic findings, body temperature, and heart and respiratory rates in domestic pigeons. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 27: 377-382.
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Varner, J; Clifton, KR; Poulos, S; Broderson, JR and Wyatt, RD (2004). Lack of efficacy of injectable ketamine with xylazine or diazepam for anaesthesia in chickens. Lab. Anim., 33: 36-39.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Cytotoxic effects of three Persian Gulf species of Holothurians
Background: Pharmaceutical industries around the world are struggling for finding new approaches to fight cancer and many researchers are involved in this process to find new drug candidates. Aims: The current study aimed at investigating the new marine natural products with anticancer potential from the three Persian Gulf Holothuria sea cucumbers. Methods: We evaluated the cytotox activity of different organs of three Holothuria sea cucumbers species (H. scabra, H. parva, and H. leucospilota) using organic extract (OE): n-Hexane (nH), ethyl acetate (E), and methanol (M). Cytotoxicity potential of three fractions was estimated using two toxicity models: brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay (BSA) and tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) assay in human cancer cell lines (MCF-7( and normal cell lines (HeLa). Results: The data illustrated that toxicity depends on concentration but BSA was highest for the M extracts of cuvierian tubules (CT) organs of H. leucospilota (up to 95% at 1000 µg/ml, LC50 = 616.4 μg/ml) and respiratory tree (RT) organs of H. parva (up to 86% at 1000 µg/ml, LC50 = 607.2 μg/ml). Based on cell lines, the more effective extracts were noticed for E fractions of CT organs of H. leucospilota (up to 85% at 250 µg/ml, LC50 = 37.25 μg/ml) against MCF-7 and for E extracts of intestine tract (IT) organs of H. parva (up to 80% at 250 µg/ml, LC50 = 46.25 μg/ml) against HeLa cells. This variation indicates that the possible cytotoxic compounds in fractions are selective toxicity toward cell lines. Conclusion: The data demonstrated that Holothuria species are an interesting source for discovery of drugs.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5138_2623f37c537ff19f9d83be376768965e.pdf
2019-03-01
19
26
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5138
Biological activity
Cell line
Persian Gulf
Sea cucumber
Secondary metabolites
S.
Mashjoor
1
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Yousefzadi
morteza110110@gmail.com
2
Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afkhami, M; Ehsanpour, M; Khazaali, A; Kamrani, E; Mokhlesi, A and Darvish, BK (2012). Sea cucumber fisheries of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. SPC. Beche-de-mer. Info. Bull., 32: 60-61.
1
Albuntana, A; Yasman, Y and Wardhana, W (2011). Toxicity test of extracts of the four sea cucumber (family Holothuriidae) from East Penjaliran Island, Seribu Islands, Jakarta based on the brine shrimp lethality test (Bslt). J. Ilmu. Teknol. Kel. Trop., 3: 65-72.
2
Althunibat, OY; Ridzwan, BH; Taher, M; Daud, JM; Ikeda, MA and Zali, BI (2009). In vitro antioxidant and ntiproliferative activities of three Malaysian sea cucumber species. Eur. J. Sci. Res., 37: 376-387.
3
Alves, R; Preto, M; Vasconcelos, V; Oliveira, RS and Martins, R (2015). Cytotoxicity induced by extracts of Pisolithus tinctorius spores on human cancer and normal cell lines-evaluation of the anticancer potential. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A. 78: 840-847.
4
Aminin, DL; Menchinskaya, ES; Pisliagin, EA; Silchenko, AS; Avilov, SA and Kalinin, VI (2015). Anticancer activity of sea cucumber triterpene glycosides. Mar. Drugs. 13: 1202-1223.
5
Assawasuparerk, K; Rawangchue, T and Phonarknguen, R (2016). Scabraside D derived from sea cucumber induces apoptosis and inhibits metastasis via iNOS and STAT-3 expression in human cholangiocarcinoma xenografts. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 17: 2151-2157.
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AVMA (American Veterinary Medical Association) (2013). AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals, 2013. Ed https://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf.
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Bordbar, S; Anwar, F and Saari, N (2011). High-value components and bioactives from sea cucumbers for functional foods-A Review. Mar. Drugs. 9: 1761-1805.
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Caulier, G; Flammang, P; Rakotorisoa, P; Gerbaux, P; Demeyer, M and Eeckhaut, I (2013). Preservation of the bioactive saponins of Holothuria scabra through the processing of trepang. Car. Biol. Mar., 54: 685-690.
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Dabbagh, AR (2011). A sea cucumber, Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva Krauss in Lampert, 1885 for the first time in the Bandar-E. Lengeh coast (Persian Gulf, Iran). World J. Zool., 6: 243-245.
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Ehsanpour, Z; Archangi, B; Salimi, M; Salari, MA and Zolgharnein, H (2015). Cytotoxic assessment of extracted fractions of sea cucumber Holothuria parva on cancer cell line (MCF7) and normal cells. joc., 6: 89-96 (in Persian).
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Han, H; Li, L; Yi, YH; Wang, XH and Pan, MX (2012a). Triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Holothuria scabra with cytotoxic activity. Chin. J. Herb Med., 4: 183-188.
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Han, H; Yi, Y; Xu, Q; La, M and Zhang, H (2009). Two new cytotoxic triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Planta Med., 75: 1608-1612.
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Han, H; Yi, Y; Zhang, W; Wang, X; Pan, M and Li, L (2012b). Cytotoxic triterpene glycosides from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. Chin. Pharmaceut. J., 47: 346-350.
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Han, H; Zhang, W; Yi, Y; Liu, B; Pan, M and Wang, X (2010). A novel sulfated holostane glycoside from sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. Chem. Biodivers. 7: 1764-1769.
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Janakiram, N; Mohammed, A and Rao, C (2015). Sea cucumbers metabolites as potent anti-cancer agents. Mar. Drugs. 13: 2909-2923.
19
Kerr, AM and Kim, J (2001). Phylogeny of Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) inferred from morphology. Zool. J. Linn Soc., 133: 63-81.
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Layson, R; Criselda, M; Rodil, A; Mojica, E and Deocaris, C (2014). Potential anti-cancer and anti-bacterial activities of Philippine Echinoderm extracts. Trop. Life Sci. Res., 4: 175-181.
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Mashjoor, S and Yousefzadi, M (2017). Holothurians antifungal and antibacterial activity to human pathogens in the Persian Gulf. J. Mycol. Méd., 27: 46-56.
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Mazzaferro, S; Bouchemal, K and Ponchel, G (2013). Oral delivery of anticancer drugs I: general considerations. Drug Discov. Today. 18: 25-34.
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Ming, JS; Guan, JH; Chieh, HW; Jwo, SC; Heng, YH; Shu, J and Jing, GC (2008). Ethanol extract of Dunaliella salina induces cell cycle arreat and apoptosis in A549 Human Non-small cell lung cancer. In vivo. 22: 369-378.
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Mohammadizadeh, F; Ehsanpor, M; Afkhami, M; Mokhlesi, A; Khazaali, A and Montazeri, S (2013a). Evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of Holothuria scabra from the North coast of the Persian Gulf. J. Mycol. Méd., 23: 225-229.
26
Mohammadizadeh, F; Ehsanpor, M; Afkhami, M; Mokhlesi, A; Khazaali, A and Montazeri, S (2013b). Antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic effects of a sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota, from the North coast of the Persian Gulf. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK. 93: 1401-1405.
27
Mokhlesi, A; Saeidnia, S; Gohari, AR; Shahverdi, AR; Nasrolahi, A; Farahani, F; Khoshnood, R and Eshaghi, N (2012). Biological activities of the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. Asian J. Anim. Veterin. Advanc., 7: 243-249.
28
Nguyen, HD; Van Thanh, N; Van Kiem, P; Le, MH; Chau, VM and Young, HK (2007). Two new triterpene glycosides from the Vietnamese sea cucumber Holothuria scabra. Arch. Pharm. Res., 30: 1387-1391.
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Ridzwan, B; Kaswandi, M; Azman, Y and Fuad, M (1995). Screening for antibacterial agents in three species of sea cucumber from coastal areas of Sabah. Gene Pharmacol., 26: 1539-1543.
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Roginsky, A; Singh, B; Ding, XZ; Collin, P; Woodward, C; Talamonti, MS; Bell, RH and Adrian, TE (2004). Frondanol (R)-A5p from the sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Pancreas. 29: 335.
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Samyn, Y; Vanden Spiegel, D and Massin, C (2006). Taxonomy of sea cucumbers in Comores. ABC Taxa., 1: 1-130.
32
Sarhadizadeh, N; Afkhami, M and Ehsanpour, M (2014). Evaluation bioactivity of a sea cucumber, Stichopus hermanni from Persian Gulf. Eur. J. Exp. Biol., 4: 254-258.
33
Seydi, E; Motallebi, A; Dastbaz, M; Dehghan, S; Salimi, A; Nazemi, M and Pourahmad, J (2015). Selective toxicity of Persian Gulf sea cucumber (Holothuria parva) and sponge (Haliclona oculata) methanolic extracts on liver mitochondria isolated from an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepat Mon., 15: e33073.
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Soltani, M and Baharara, J (2014). Antioxidant and antiprolifereative capacity of dichloromethane extract of Holoturia leucospilota sea cucumber. Int. J. Cel. Mol. Bio., 2014: 1-9.
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Suarez-Jimenez, GM; Burgos-Hernandez, A and Ezquerra-Brauer, JM (2012). Bioactive peptides and depsipeptides with anti-cancer potential-sources from marine animals. Mar. drugs. 10: 963-986.
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Taiyeb-Ali, TB; Zainuddin, SLA; Swaminathan, D and Yaacob, H (2003). Efficacy of “Gamadent” toothpaste on the healing of gingival tissues: a preliminary report. J. Oral Sci., 45: 153-159.
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Tian, F; Zhang, X; Tong, Y; Yi, Y; Zhang, S; Li, L; Sun, P; Lin, L and Ding, JPE (2005). A new sulfated saponin from sea cucumber, exhibits anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol. Therap., 4: 874-882.
39
Vargo-Gogola, T and Rosen, JM (2007). Modelling breast cancer: one size does not fit all. Nature Rev. Cancer. 7: 659-672.
40
Wang, J; Han, H; Chen, X; Yi, Y and Sun, H (2014). Cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing activity of triterpene glycosides from Holothuria scabra and Cucumaria frondosa against HepG2 cells. Mar. drugs. 12: 4274-4290.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Interaction of primary mammary bovine epithelial cells with biofilm-forming staphylococci associated with subclinical bovine mastitis
Background: Staphylococci are recognized worldwide as one of the most important etiological agents of bovine mastitis due to their virulence factors such as their ability to penetrate inside mammary epithelial cells and their ability to form biofilm. Aims: The objectives of this study were to establish a model of primary mammary epithelial cells originating from the secretory tissue of the bovine udder in order to evaluate the invasion ability of 42 staphylococci isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis cases. Methods: Two techniques were used to establish a model of primary mammary epithelial cells, the explant technique and the enzymatic method. Biofilm formation was detected using a quantitative spectrophotometric assay. When compared with the enzymatic digestion method, the epithelial cells obtained by the explant technique grew faster and reached quickly to confluence. Results: The results showed that 60% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n=12) were able to invade the epithelial cells and 72.7% of coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) isolates were invasive (n=16). Staphylococcus xylosus isolates showed higher invasion values compared to S. aureus isolates and non-biofilm forming staphylococci were able to invade primary epithelial cells, but no significant difference was found between the internalization capabilities of biofilm positive and negative isolates. Conclusion: The results show that the explant technique is a valuable method for developing primary epithelial cells without damaging the cells, and provides new insights regarding the ability of staphylococci to penetrate inside primary mammary epithelial cells.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5139_4c10128d9aa621a725a17a139d91d7ee.pdf
2019-03-01
27
32
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5139
Biofilm
Bovine mastitis
Epithelial cells
Invasiveness
Staphylococci
N.
Zaatout
1
Ph.D. Student in Applied Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
AUTHOR
A.
Ayachi
2
Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
AUTHOR
M.
Kecha
kecha06@hotmail.com
3
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Alge, KS; Hauck, SM; Priglinger, SG; Kampik, A and Ueffing, M (2005). Differential protein profiling of primary versus immortalized human RPE cells identifies expression patterns associated with cytoskeletal remodeling and cell survival. J. Proteome. Res., 5: 862-878.
1
Almeida, RA; Matthews, KR; Cifrian, E; Guidry, AJ and Oliver, SP (1996). Staphylococcus aureus invasion of bovine mammary epithelial cells. J. Dairy Sci., 79: 1021-1026.
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Almeida, RA and Oliver, SP (2001). Interaction of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species with bovine mammary epithelial cells. Microb. Pathog., 31: 205-212.
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Anaya López, JL; Contreras Guzmán, OE; Cárabez Trejo, A; Baizabal Aguirre, VM; López Meza, JE; Valdez Alarcón, JJ and Ochoa Zarzosa, A (2006). Invasive potential of bacterial isolates associated with subclinical bovine mastitis. Res. Vet. Sci., 8: 358-361.
6
Bardiau, M; Detilleux, J; Farnir, F; Mainil, JG and Ote, I (2014). Associations between properties linked with persistence in a collection of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis. Vet. Microbiol., 169: 74-79.
7
Barkema, HW; Schukken, YH and Zadoks, RN (2006). Invited review: the role of cow, pathogen, and treatment regimen in the therapeutic success of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 1877-1895.
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Berlutti, F; Morea, C; Battistoni, A; Sarli, S; Cipriani, P; Superti, F; Ammendolia, MG and Valenti, P (2005). Iron availability influences aggregation, biofilm, adhesion and invasion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia. Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol., 18: 661-670.
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Brouillette, E; Grondin, G; Shkreta, L; Lacasse, P and Talbot, BG (2003). In vivo and in vitro demonstration that Staphylococcus aureus is an intracellular pathogen in the presence or absence of fibronectin-binding proteins. Microb. Pathog., 35: 159-168.
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Buzzola, FR; Quelle, L; Gomez, MI; Catalano, M; Steele Moore, L; Berg, D; Gentilini, E; Denamiel, G and Sordelli, DO (2001). Genotypic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus from milk of dairy cows with mastitis in Argentina. Epidemiol. Infect., 126: 445-452.
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Carrel, A (1912). On the permanent life of tissues outside of the organism. J. Exp. Med., 15: 516-528.
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Cifrian, E; Guidry, AJ; O’Brien, CN; Keys, JE and Marquardt, WW (1994). Bovine mammary teat and ductal epithelial cell cultures. Am. J. Vet. Res., 55: 239-246.
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Freshney, RA (2010). Culture of animal cells. 6th Edn., Glasgow, UK. PP: 248-249.
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Gibson, CA; Vega, JR; Baumrucker, CR; Oakley, CS and Welsch, CW (1991). Establishment and characterization of bovine mammary epithelial cell lines. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol., 27(A): 585-594.
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Haran, KP; Godden, SM; Boxrud, D; Jawahir, S; Bender, JB and Sreevatsan, S (2012). Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus, including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from bulk tank milk from Minnesota dairy farms. J. Clin. Microbiol., 50: 688-695.
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Hensen, SM; Pavicić, MJ; Lohuis, JA and Poutrel, B (2000). Use of bovine primary mammary epithelial cells for the comparison of adherence and invasion ability of Staphylococcus aureus strains. J. Dairy Sci., 83: 418-429.
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Ishige, I; Nagamura-Inoue, T; Honda, MJ; Harnprasopwat, R; Kido, M; Sugimoto, M; Nakauchi, H and Tojo, A (2009). Comparison of mesenchymal stem cells derived from arterial, venous, and Wharton’s jelly explants of human umbilical cord. Int. J. Hematol., 90: 261-269.
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Latasa, C; Roux, A; Toledo Arana, A; Ghigo, JM; Gamazo, C; Penadés, JR and Lasa, I (2005). BapA, a large secreted protein required for biofilm formation and host colonization of Salmonella enteric serovar Enteritidis. Mol.Microbio., 58: 1322-1339.
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Quinn, PJ; Markey, BK; Carter, ME; Donnelly, WJ and Leonard, FC (2002). Veterinary microbiology and microbial disease. 8th Edn., London, UK, Blackwell Science. PP: 465-475.
25
Oliveira, M; Bexiga, R; Nunes, SF and Vilela, CL (2011). Invasive potential of biofilm-forming staphylococci bovine subclinical mastitis isolates. J. Vet. Sci., 12: 95-97.
26
Pal, K and Grover, PL (1983). A simple method for the removal of contaminating fibroblasts from cultures of rat mammary epithelial cells. Cell. Biol. Int. Rep., 7: 779-783.
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Pereyra, EL; Picech, F; Renna, MS; Baravalle, C; Andreotti, CS; Russi, R; Calvinho, LF; Diez, C and Dallard, BE (2016). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus adhesion and biofilm-producing genes and their expression during internalization in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet. Microbiol., 183: 69-77.
29
Rose, MT and McConochie, H (2006). The long road to a representative in vitro model of bovine lactation. JIFS., 3: 67-72.
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Souza, FN; Piepers, S; Della Libera, AMMP; Heinemann, MB; Cerqueira, MMOP and DeVliegher, S (2016). Interaction between bovine-associated coagulase-negative staphylococci species and strains and bovine mammary epithelial cells reflects differences in ecology and epidemiological behavior. J. Dairy Sci., 99: 2867-2874.
31
Spath, L; Rotilio, V; Alessandrini, M; Gambara, G; De Angelis, L; Mancini, M; Mitsiadi, TA; Vivarelli, E; Naro, F; Filippini, Aand Papaccio, G (2010). Explant-derived human dental pulp stem cells enhance differentiation and proliferation potentials. J. Cell. Mol. Med., 14: 1635-1644.
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Zhang, X; Sun, H; Tang, X; Ji, J; Li, X; Sun, J; Ma, Z; Yuan, J and Han, ZC (2005). Comparison of cell-suspension and explant culture of rabbit limbal epithelial cells. Exp. Eye. Res., 80: 227-233.
35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Anesthetic efficacy of ketamine, ketamine-tramadol and ketamine-ketorolac in chicks
Background: Ketamine produces ordinary general anesthesia characterized by weak hypnosis and analgesia leading to complications during surgical operations. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combination of ketorolac or tramadol to enhance ketamine anesthesia in 7 to 20-day-old chicks and its feasibility and practical application for induction of general anesthesia in veterinary medicine. Methods: Hypnotic and analgesic Median Effective Doses (ED50s) of ketamine alone and combination with tramadol or ketorolac were determined by the up-and-down method, then the ED50 values of these combinations were used for measurement of hypnotic and analgesic criteria moreover, their effect on serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) was assayed. Results: Ketamine hypnosis and analgesia were increased when mixed with tramadol (26 and 39%) or ketorolac (27 and 40%), respectively. Ketamine-ketorolac mixture was better combination of inducing the faster onset of anesthesia and short recovery with the longest duration of action and enhancing analgesia when compared to ketamine alone or in combination with tramadol and is preferred for induction of anesthesia. The liver function enzymes, including AST and ALT, showed no significant difference among all above mentioned groups. Conclusion: The data of this experimental study reveal the superiority of using ketorolac (instead of tramadol) in combination with ketamine for induction of general anesthesia in the chicks.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5140_f0e03a57bd5ce6741bd0e04eca45398c.pdf
2019-03-01
33
38
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5140
analgesia
Anesthesia
ketamine
Ketorolac
Tramadol
Y. J.
Mousa
yarub204@uomosul.edu.iq
1
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. H. I.
Al-Zubaidy
2
Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
AUTHOR
Al-Zubaidy, MHI and Mohammad, FK (2005). Metoclo-pramide induced central nervous system depression in the chicken. Bio. Med. Cen. Vet. Res., 1: 6-10.
1
Botting, RM (2006). Inhibitors of cyclooxygenases: mechanisms, selectivity and uses. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 57: 113-124.
2
Dawood, GAMF (2002). Pharmacological effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists and their interactions with other analgesics in the chicken. Ph.D. Dissertation, Mosul, Mosul University. PP: 51-87.
3
Dixon, WJ (1980). Efficient analysis of experimental observations. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 20: 441-462.
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Finkel, R; Clark, MA; Cubeddu, LX; Harvey, RA and Champe, PC (2009a). Lippincott’s illustrated reviews: pharmacology. 4th Edn., Philadelphia, USA, Williams and Wilkins. PP: 127-140.
5
Finkel, R; Clark, MA; Cubeddu, LX; Harvey, RA and Champe, PC (2009b). Lippincott’s illustrated reviews: pharmacology. 4th Edn., Philadelphia, USA, Williams and Wilkins. PP: 500-518.
6
Finkel, JC; Rose, JB and Schmitz, ML (2002). An evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of oral tramadol hydrochloride tablet for the treatement of postsurgical pain in children. Anesth. Analg., 94: 1469-1473.
7
Gupta, S; Kapoor, BB; Mehta, N; Gupta, SD and Verma, S (2012). Comparative evaluation of a mixture of atracarium and tramadol or ketorolac as an adjunct to low dose lignocaine in intravenous regional anesthesia. J. Evol. Med. Den. Sci., 1: 1007-1014.
8
Hendarman, I; Triratna, S and Kamaludin, MT (2014). Ketorolac vs. tramadol for pain management after abdominal surgery in children. Paed. Indon., 54: 118-121.
9
Hilal-Dandan, R and Brunton, LL (2014). Goodman and Gilman’s manual of pharmacology and therapeutics. 2nd Edn., New York, USA, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., PP: 301-320.
10
Jelinek, GA (2000). Ketorolac versus morphine for severe pain. Brit. Med. J., 321: 1236-1237.
11
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Mousa, YJ (2014). Anaesthetic properties of ketamine in chicks stressed with hydrogen peroxide. Vet. Med., 59: 369-375.
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Mousa, YJ and Mohammad, FK (2012). The analgesic efficacy of xylazine and dipyrone in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in chicks. Iraqi J. Vet. Sci., 26: 69-76.
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Natalini, CC and Robinson, EP (2000). Evaluation of analgesic effect of epidudurally administered morphine, alfentanil, butorphanol, tramadol and U50488H in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res., 61: 1579-1586.
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Ollé, FG; Opisso, JL; Oferil, RF; Sánchez, PM; Calatayud, MR and Cabré, RI (2000). Ketorolac versus tramadol: comparative study of analgesic efficacy in the postoperative pain in abdominal hysterectomy. Rev. Esp. Anestesiol. Reanim., 47: 162-167.
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Petrie, A and Watson, P (1999). Statistics for veterinary and animal sciences. 1st Edn., Oxford, Blackwell Science. PP: 90-140.
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Plummer, DT (1987). An introduction to practical biochemistry. 3rd Edn., New York, USA, McGrew-Hill Co. Inc., PP: 182-188.
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Rainer, TH; Jacobs, P; Ng, YC; Cheung, NK; Tam, M; Lam, PKW; Wong, R and Cocks, RA (2000). Cost effectiveness analysis of intravenous ketorolac and morphine for treating pain after limb injury: double blind randomised controlled trial. Brit. Med. J., 321: 1247-1251.
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Reitman, S and Frankel, S (1957). A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic pyruric transaminase. Am. J. Clin. Path., 28: 56-63.
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Roder, JD; Amouzadeh, HR; Sangiah, S; Burrows, G and Quallis, CW (1993). Effects of hepatic P-450 enzyme inhibitors and inducers on the duration of xylazine + ketamine anesthesia in broiler chickens and mice. Vet. Hum. Toxicol., 35: 116-118.
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Runyon, RP (1977). Non parametric statistics: a con-temporary approach. 1st Edn., Reading, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., PP: 2-217.
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Ruskoaho, H and Karppanen, H (1984). Xylazine-induced sedation in chicks is inhibited by opiate receptor antagonists. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 100: 91-96.
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Shankariah, M; Mishra, M and Kamath, RA (2012). Tramadol versus ketorolac in the treatment of postoperative pain following maxillofacial surgery. J. Maxillofac. Oral. Surg., 11: 264-270.
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Smyth, EM and FitzGerald, GA (2009). Basic and clinical pharmacology. 11th Edn., New York, USA, McGrew-Hill Co. Inc., PP: 313-329.
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Valle, M; Garrido, MJ; Pavon, JM; Calvo, R and Troconiz, IF (2000). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of the antinociceptive effect of main active metabolites of tramadol, (+) O-desmethyltramadol and (-) O-desmethyltramadol, in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 293: 646-653.
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Zaidi, R and Ahmed, A (2015). Comparison of ketorolac and low-dose ketamine in preventing tourniquet-induced increase in arterial pressure. Indian J. Anaesth., 59: 428-432.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Distribution and relative frequency of immunohistochemically detected endocrine cells in the stomach of New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) endocrine cells produce many GI hormones that perform various physiological functions of the digestive system. Aims: We aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of immunoreactive (IR) endocrine cells to glucagon, somatostatin, cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8), serotonin, secretin and histamine in the stomach of adult male New Zealand White rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Methods: For immunohistochemical staining, peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) method was applied to stomach samples. Results: Glucagon-IR cells of closed- and open type were found throughout all the stomach parts examined. Somatostatin-IR cells of closed- and open type in the cardiac and oxyntic glands were localized to deep portions of foveola gastrica. CCK-8 IR cells that were not observed in the cardia and fundus were mostly localized to the glands and lamina epithelialis in the pyloric part near the duodenum. Oval-shaped open and closed type serotonin-IR cells were mostly dispersed throughout the fundic and pyloric glands. Secretin-IR cells were rare in the pyloric and cardiac region although they were not observed in the fundic glands. Histamine-IR cells were rarely found in the cardia, fundus and pylorus. Conclusion: Our findings show that glucagon, histamine, somatostatin, secretin and serotonin might be produced by all the stomach regions while pyloric region had only CCK-8 IR. These distribution patterns also provide further evidence of species-specific differences, which might be important from the evolutionary aspect of the digestive tract in relation to evolutional niches and nutrient resources.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5141_d5485804aa1bb756aea96d65a79c4a4b.pdf
2019-03-01
39
45
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5141
Endocrine cells
Histamine
Immunoreactivity
New Zealand White rabbit
Serotonin
S.
Türk
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
AUTHOR
K.
Çınar
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Süleyman Demirel University, 32260, Isparta, Turkey
AUTHOR
M.
Öztop
mustafamalatya@gmail.com
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 15100, Burdur, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adnyane, IK; Zuki, AB; Noordin, MM and Agungpriyono, S (2011). Immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the Barking deer, Muntiacus muntjac. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 40: 365-374.
1
Agungpriyono, S; Macdonald, A; Leus, KY; Kitamura, N; Adnyane, IK; Goodall, GP; Hondo, E and Yamada, J (2000). Immunohistochemical study on the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the babirusa, Babyrousa babyrussa (Suidae). Anat. Histol. Embryol., 29: 173-178.
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Agungpriyono, S; Yamada, J; Kitamura, N; Yamamoto, Y; Said, N; Sigit, K and Yamasita, T (1994). Immuno-cytochemical study of the distribution of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus). Acta Anat., 15: 232-238.
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Ku, SK; Lee, HS; Lee, JH and Park, KD (2001). An immunohistochemical study on the endocrine cells in the alimentary tract of the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). Anat. Histol. Embryol., 30: 33-39.
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Ku, SK; Lee, JH; Lee, HS and Park, KD (2002). The regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in SHK-1 hairless mice: an immunohistochemical study. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 31: 78-84.
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Lee, HS; Choi, SH and Ku, SK (2010). Regional distribution and relative frequency of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the ddN mice: an immunohistochemical study. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 39: 521-528.
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Nisa, C; Kitamura, N; Sasaki, M; Agungpriyono, S; Choliq, C; Budipitojo, T; Yamada, J and Sigit, K (2005). Immunohistochemical study on the distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in the stomach of the Malayan Pangolin, Manis javanica. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 34: 373-378.
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Yamada, J; Tauchi, M; Rerkamnuaychoke, W; Endo, H; Chungsamarnyart, N; Kimura, J; Kurohmaru, M; Hondo, E; Kitamura, N; Nishida, T and Hayashi, Y (1999). Immunohistochemical survey of the gut endocrine cells in the common tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri). J. Vet. Med. Sci., 61: 761-767.
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Yaman, M; Tarakçi, G; Bayrakdar, B; Atalar, A and Dabak, O (2007). Immunohistochemical study of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in the Porcupine (Hystrix cristata). Rev. Med. Vet., 158: 196-200.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The investigation of molecular characterization of presumptive Listeria monocytogenes isolates from a food-processing environment
Background: Listeria is a Gram-positive, non-spore forming, facultative anaerobic intracellular bacterium. The most important pathogens in mammals include Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii. The former generally causes disease and death in both humans and animals while the latter performs sporadically and primarily causes illness in ruminants. Aims: The aim of this project was to use conventional and molecular techniques to determine whether the provided samples were L. monocytogenes, and whether they were genetically similar or different. Methods: The provided presumptive Listeria cultures isolated from industrial processed food are conventionally assumed to be L. monocytogenes. All samples were cultured on brain heart infusion agar and broth first and then on blood agar. Later, hly gene amplification was applied. Results: The provided culture phenotypically resembled L. monocytogenes as it caused haemolysis on blood agar plates; however, the absence of the hly gene revealed that they were genotypically different. 16S rRNA confirmed three species of Listeria species including L. grayi, L. welshimeri and L. ivanovii. The results from 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the results obtained from hly gene amplification. Conclusion: Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC PCR) confirmed that all bacterial cultures were isolated from different sources depending on their ERIC PCR profile variation.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5142_a4ab3cd04a9451b779760dbb0b0b9fd6.pdf
2019-03-01
46
50
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5142
Isolation
Listeria monocytogenes
Molecular characterisation
M. S.
Ahmed
meqdad82@uod.ac
1
Duhok Research Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
Acciari, VA; Torresi, M; Migliorati, G; Di Giannatale, E; Semprini, P and Prencipe, V (2011). Characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from soft and semi-soft cheeses sampled in a region of Italy. Vet. Ital., 47: 15-23.
1
Allerberger, F (2003). Listeria: growth, phenotypic differentiation and molecular microbiology. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 35: 183-189.
2
Atil, E; Ertas, H and Ozbey, G (2011). Isolation and molecular characterization of Listeria spp. from animals, food and environmental samples. Vet. Med., 56: 386-394.
3
Bosshard, PP; Abels, S; Zbinden, R; Böttger, EC and Altwegg, M (2003). Ribosomal DNA sequencing for identification of aerobic Gram-positive rods in the clinical laboratory (an 18-month evaluation). Clin. Microbial., 41: 4134-4140.
4
Chen, J; Cheng, C; Lv, Y and Fang, W (2013). Genetic diversity of internalin genes in the ascB-dapE locus among Listeria monocytogenes lineages III and IV strains. Basic Microbiol., 53: 778-784.
5
Chen, Y; Ross, WH; Whiting, RC; Van Stelten, A; Nightingale, KK; Wiedmann, M and Scott, VN (2011). Variation in Listeria monocytogenes dose responses in relation to subtypes encoding a full-length or truncated internalin A. Appl. Envirom. Microbial., 77: 1171-1180.
6
Duan, H; Chai, T; Liu, J; Zhang, X; Qi, C; Gao, J; Wang, Y; Cai, Y; Miao, Z; Yao, M and Schlenker, G (2009). Source identification of airborne Escherichia coli of swine house surroundings using ERIC-PCR and REP-PCR. Envirom. Res., 109: 511-517.
7
Guide to AGRF Sanger Routine Sequencing Service (2012). (AGRF). Viewed at 1st November 2013. http://www.agrf. org.au/assets/files/PDF%20Documents/Guide%20to%20AGRF%20Sequencing%20Service.pdf.
8
Hellberg, RS; Martin, KG; Keys, AL; Haney, CJ; Shen, Y and Smiley, RD (2013). 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing for the differentiation and molecular subtyping of Listeria species. Food Microbial., 36: 231-240.
9
Hogg, G; Tan, A and Gregory, J (2013). Listeria surveillance in Australia from the laboratory perspective. Microbiol. Aust., 34: 90-92.
10
Jadhav, S; Bhave, M and Palombo, EA (2012). Methods used for the detection and subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes. J. Microb. Meth., 88: 327-341.
11
Laksanalamai, P; Joseph, LA; Silk, BJ; Burall, LS; L. Tarr, C; Gerner-Smidt, P and Datta, AR (2012). Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes strains involved in a multistate listeriosis outbreak associated with cantaloupe in US. PLoS One. 7: 42-48.
12
Lambertz, ST; Ivarsson, S; Lopez-Valladares, G; Sidstedt, M and Lindqvist, R (2013). Subtyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from retail ready-to-eat foods, processing plants and listeriosis patients in Sweden 2010. Inter. J. Food Microbial., 166: 186-192.
13
Liu, D (2008). Handbook of Listeria monocytogenes. 1st Edn., US, NW, CRC Press. P: 139.
14
Mammina, C; Aleo, A; Romani, C; Pellissier, N; Nicoletti, P; Pecile, P; Nastasi, A and Pontello, MM (2009). Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from human listeriosis cases in Italy. Clin. Microbial., 47: 2925-2930.
15
Marian, MN; Sharifah Aminah, SM; Zuraini, MI; Son, R; Maimunah, M; Lee, HY; Wong, WC and Elexson, N (2012). MPN-PCR detection and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from raw and ready-to-eat foods in Malaysia. Food Control. 28: 309-314.
16
Orsi, RH; Bakker, HCD and Wiedmann, M (2011). Listeria monocytogenes lineages: genomics, evolution, ecology, and phenotypic characteristics. Med. Microbial., 301: 79-96.
17
Palumbo, JD; Borucki, MK; Mandrell, RE and Gorski, L (2003). Serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and identification of mixed-serotype cultures by colony immunoblotting. J. Clin. Microb., 41: 564-571.
18
Prophet, EB; Mills, B; Arrington, JB and Sobin, LH (1992). Laboratory methods in histotechnology. 1st Edn., American Registry of Pathology Washington, D.C.
19
Rohwer, F; Breitbart, M; Jara, J; Azam, F and Knowlton, N (2001). Diversity of bacteria associated with the Caribbean coral Montastraea franksi. Cor. Re., 20: 85-91.
20
Schlech III, WF; Lavigne, PM; Bortolussi, RA; Allen, AC and Haldane, EV (1983). Epidemic listeriosis: evidence for transmission by food [Listeria monocytogenes]. New Engl. J. Med., 308: 203-206.
21
Soni, DK; Singh, RK; Singh, DV and Dubey, SK (2013). Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from Ganges water, human clinical and milk samples at Varanasi, India. Infec. Genet. Evol., 14: 83-91.
22
Vázquez-Boland, JA; Kuhn, M; Berche, P; Chakraborty, T; Domı́nguez-Bernal, G; Goebel, W; González-Zorn, B; Wehland, J and Kreft, J (2001). Listeria pathogenesis and molecular virulence determinants. Clin. Microbial., 14: 584-640.
23
Zhang, D; Zhang, H; Yang, L; Guo, J; Li, X and Feng, Y (2009). Simultaneous detection of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157: H7 in food samples using multiplex PCR method. J. Food Saf., 29: 348-363.
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of the effect of probiotic, prebiotic, salinomycin and vaccine in control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens
Background: Coccidiosis is the most common parasitic disease in poultry, ionophore antibiotics are preferred drugs for controlling this disease. However, prolonged use of ionophores will result in Eimeria deformation and resistance to these drugs. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of probiotic and prebiotic, that is used to boost digestive system health, with salinomycin and vaccine in controlling coccidiosis. Methods: A completely randomized design, including 6 treatments, 4 replications and 20 birds in each experimental unit was applied. All experimental groups except negative control were challenged with suspension containing a mixture of three common species in Iran by oral inoculation in the crop at 28 days of age. Results: The results showed that the reduction of oocyst excretion was significant in coccidiostat (salinomycin), vaccine (Livacox® T), and probiotic (Primalac®) compared to the positive control group (P<0.05). Also, in the intestinal tract injuries, there was a significant reduction between the vaccine and salinomycin compared to the positive control group only in the cecum section (P<0.05). The effect of treatments on performance index (PI) was investigated and it was found that the best performance between infected groups was for salinomycin and vaccine groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Finally, it can be concluded that probiotic and prebiotic are not effective in controlling coccidiosis and its complications like vaccine and salinomycin.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5143_e7ac70aa53dc5a446f65e8952e9cefca.pdf
2019-03-01
51
54
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5143
Prebiotic
Probiotic
Salinomycin
Vaccine
Coccidiosis
A. R.
Behnamifar
1
Ph.D. Student in Poultry Science, Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Sh.
Rahimi
rahimi_s@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. M.
Kiaei
3
Department of Animal & Poultry Health & Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Fayazi
4
Graduated from Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Allen, PC and Fetterer, RH (2002). Recent advances in biology and immunobiology of Eimeria species and in diagnosis and control of infection with these coccidian parasites of poultry. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 15: 58-65.
1
Dalloul, RA; Lillehoj, HS; Shellem, TA and Doerr, JA (2003). Enhanced mucosal immunity against Eimeria acervulina in broilers fed a Lactobacillus-based probiotic. Poult. Sci., 82: 62-66.
2
Dalloul, RA; Lillehoj, HS; Tamim, NM; Shellem, TA and Doerr, JA (2005). Induction of local protective immunity to Eimeria acervulina by a Lactobacillus-based probiotic. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 28: 351-361.
3
Demirulus, H; Eratak, S and Kara, K (2006). Effect of salinomycin on broiler performance. Pak. J. Biolo. Sci., 9: 104-106.
4
Elmusharaf, MA; Bautista, V; Nollet, L and Beynen, AC (2006). Effect of a mannanoligosaccharide preparation on Eimeria tenella infection in broiler chickens. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5: 583-588.
5
Elmusharaf, MA; Peek, HW; Nollet, L and Beynen, AC (2007). The effect of an in-feed mannanoligosaccharide preparation (MOS) on a coccidiosis infection in broilers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 134: 347-354.
6
Johnson, J and Reid, WM (1970). Anticoccidial drugs: lesion scoring techniques in battery and floor-pen experiments with chickens. Exp. Parasitol., 28: 30-36.
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Kitandu, A and Juranova, R (2006). Progress in control measures for chicken coccidiosis. Acta Vet. Brno. 75: 265-276.
8
Lee, KW; Lillehoj, HS; Jang, SI; Lee, SH; Bautista, DA; Ritter, GD; Lillehoj, EP and Siragusa, GR (2013). Comparison of live Eimeria vaccination with in-feed salinomycin on growth and immune status in broiler chickens. Res. Vet. Sci., 95: 110-114.
9
Lillehoj, HS and Lillehoj, EP (2000). Avian coccidiosis. A review of acquired intestinal immunity and vaccination strategies. Avian Dis., 408-425.
10
Lillehoj, HS; Min, W and Dalloul, RA (2004). Recent progress on the cytokine regulation of intestinal immune responses to Eimeria. Poult. Sci., 83: 611-623.
11
Loddi, MM; Nakaghi, LSO; Edens, F; Tucci, FM; Hannas, MI; Moraes, VMB and Ariki, J (2002). Mannanoligo-saccharide and organic acids on intestinal morphology integrity of broilers evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. In: Proceedings of 11th European Poultry Science Conference. Bremen, Germany. Sept, 6-10.
12
Najafi, R; Shojadoost, B; Modirsanei, M; Mansoori, B and Rahbari, S (2009). Effect of concomitant use of probiotic and coccidiosis vaccine in experimental coccidial infection of broiler chickens. J. Vet. Res., 64: 33-40.
13
Pourali, M; Kermanshahi, H; Golian, A; Razmi, GR and Soukhtanloo, M (2014). Antioxidant and anticoccidial effects of garlic powder and sulfur amino acids on Eimeria-infected and uninfected broiler chickens. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 15: 227-232.
14
Taherpour, K; Moravej, H; Taheri, HR and Shivazad, M (2012). Effect of dietary inclusion of probiotic, prebiotic and butyric acid glycerides on resistance against coccidiosis in broiler chickens. J. Poult. Sci., 49: 57-61.
15
Williams, RB (2002). Anticoccidial vaccines for broiler chickens: pathways to success. Avian Pathol., 31: 317-353.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A field study on glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and thyroid hormones in dairy cows during the breeding period in Fars province, Iran
Background: It was hypothesized that under apparently good management practices in dairy farms, some cows may not be metabolically perfect during the breeding period and this may affect their performance. Aims: This study was conducted to assess probable metabolic drawbacks in mid-lactation dairy cows affecting their performance. Methods: Thirty-seven clinically healthy Holstein cows were assessed for plasma concentrations of glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), thyroxin (T4), and tri-iodothyronine (T3) on days 60, 90 and 120 of lactation. The relationships of the measured analytes with some performance indices were also studied. Results: Continuous declines in plasma glucose (within reference values; P<0.006), T4 (P<0.001) and T3 (0.003) were found during the study. Non-esterified fatty acids showed relatively high levels through the study with a rise at day 90 (P<0.041). Beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations did not change significantly (P>0.05) but were higher than those reported by others in mid-lactation cows. By progress in lactation 27% of cows had glucose concentrations <2.5 mmol/L, 62% had NEFA concentrations >0.40 mmol/L and 13.5% had BHB levels above 1200 µmol/L, which are the threshold levels of peri- and post-parturient problems. Milk production had negative correlations with glucose and T4 while the correlation was positive with NEFA. The interval between calving to the 1st heat had positive correlations with BHB concentrations. The interval between calving and the 1st insemination was inversely correlated with glucose and positively correlated with NEFA levels. Conclusion: The changes of the studied analytes in mid-lactation cows resembled those that would happen during negative energy balance in early lactation cows and feed restriction in mid-lactation cows and may affect the general health and the performance of the cows.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5144_59ef09e6e4326eea225b4805417a2a06.pdf
2019-03-01
55
59
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5144
Breeding period
Dairy cows
Glucose
NEFA
Thyroid hormones
M.
Mohebbi-Fani
1
Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Omidi
aomidi@shirazu.ac.ir
2
Department of Animal Health Management, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Mirzaei
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
S.
Nazifi
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Kh.
Nowroozi
5
Graduated from School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
Ansari-Lari, M; Kafi, M; Sokhtanlo, M and Ahmadi, HN )2010). Reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows in Iran. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 42: 1277-1283.
1
Ansari-Lari, M; Mohebbi-Fani, M and Rowshan-Ghasrodashti, A (2012). Causes of culling in dairy cows and its relation to age at culling and interval from calving in Shiraz, Southern Iran. Vet. Res. Forum. 3: 233-237.
2
Atashi, H; Zamiri, MJ; Sayyadnejad, MB and Akhlaghi, A (2012). Trends in the reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows in Iran. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 44: 2001-2006.
3
Blum, JW; Kunz, P; Leuenberger, H; Gautschi, K and Keller, M (1983). Thyroid hormones, blood plasma metabolites and haematological parameters in relationship to milk yield in dairy cows. Anim. Sci., 36: 93-104.
4
Capuco, AV; Wood, DL; Elsasser, TH; Kahl, S; Erdman, RA; Van Tassell, CP and Piperova, LS (2001). Effect of somatotropin on thyroid hormones and cytokines in lactating dairy cows during ad libitum and restricted feed intake. J. Dairy Sci., 84: 2430-2439.
5
Carlson, DB; Litherland, NB; Dann, HM; Woodworth, JC and Drackley, JK (2006). Metabolic effects of abomasal L-carnitine infusion and feed restriction in lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci., 89: 4819-4834.
6
Djoković, R; Kurćubić, V; Ilić, Z; Cincović, M; Petrović, M; Fratrić, N and Jašović, B (2013). Evaluation of metabolic status in Simmental dairy cows during late pregnancy and early lactation. Vet. Arch., 83: 593-602.
7
Drackley, JK (1999). Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: the final frontier? J. Dairy Sci., 82: 2259-2273.
8
Drackley, JK (2006). Advances in transition cow biology: new frontiers in production diseases. In: Joshi, N and Herdt, TH. Production diseases in farms animals. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Production Diseases in Farm Animals. Wageningen, The Netherlands, Wageningen Academic Publishers. PP: 24-34.
9
Eppinga, M; Suriyasathaporn, W; Kulcsar, M; Huszenicza Gy, WT and Dieleman, SJ (1999). Thyroxin and triiodothyronine in association with milk yield, βOH-butyrate, and non-esterified fatty acids during the peak lactation. J. Dairy Sci., 82: 50.
10
González, FD; Muiño, R; Pereira, V; Campos, R and Benedito, JL (2011). Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows. J. Vet. Sci., 12: 251-255.
11
González, FH and Rocha, JA (1998). Metabolic profile variations and reproduction performance in Holstein cows of different milk yields in southern Brazil. Arquivo da Faculdade de Veterinária da UFRGS. 26: 52-64.
12
Gross, J; van Dorland, HA; Bruckmaier, RM and Schwarz, FJ (2011). Performance and metabolic profile of dairy cows during a lactational and deliberately induced negative energy balance with subsequent realimentation. J. Dairy Sci., 94: 1820-1830.
13
Jorritsma, R; Wensing, T; Kruip, TA; Vos, PL and Noordhuizen, JP (2003). Metabolic changes in early lactation and impaired reproductive performance in dairy cows. Vet. Res., 34: 11-26.
14
Kauppinen, K (1983). Correlation of whole blood con-centrations of acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, glucose and milk yield in dairy cows as studied under field conditions. Acta Vet. Scand., 24: 337-348.
15
Kunz, PL; Blum, JW; Hart, IC; Bickel, H and Landis, J (1985). Effects of different energy intakes before and after calving on food intake, performance and blood hormones and metabolites in dairy cows. Anim. Prod., 40: 219-231.
16
Lucy, MC (2016). The role of glucose in dairy cattle reproduction. Adv. Dairy Technol., 28: 161-173.
17
Lucy, MC; Butler, ST and Garverick, HA (2014). Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms linking postpartum glucose with early embryonic and fetal development in dairy cows. Animal. 8: 82-90.
18
Mohammadi, GR and Sedighi, A (2009). Reasons for culling of Holstein dairy cows in Neishaboor area in northeastern Iran. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 10: 278-282.
19
Mohebbi-Fani, M; Ansari-Lari, M; Nazifi, S; Abbasi, F and Shabbooei, Z (2016). Oxidative status and acute phase response in post-transition early- and mid-lactation Holstein cows and their correlations with some performance records. J. Fac. Vet. Med., Istanbul Univ., 42: 65-73.
20
Mohebbi-Fani, M; Nazifi, S; Bahrami, S and Jamshidi, O (2012). Circulating thyroid hormones and indices of energy and lipid metabolism in normal and hormonally induced oestrus cows. J. Basic App. Sci., 8: 270-274.
21
Mohebbi-Fani, M; Nazifi, S; Rowghani, E; Bahrami, S and Jamshidi, O (2009). Thyroid hormones and their correlations with serum glucose, beta hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, cholesterol, and lipoproteins of high-yielding dairy cows at different stages of lactation cycle. Comp. Clin. Pathol., 18: 211-216.
22
Oetzel, GR (2004). Monitoring and testing dairy herds for metabolic disease. Vet. Clin. North Am.: Food Anim. Pract., 20: 651-674.
23
Overton, TR and Waldron, MR (2004). Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. J. Dairy Sci., (Suppl. E), 87: 105-119.
24
Pethes, G; Bokori, J; Rudas, P; Frenyo, VL and Fekete, S (1985). Thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse-triiodothyronine, and other physiological characteristics of periparturient cows fed restricted energy. J. Dairy Sci., 68: 1148-1154.
25
Reist, M; Edrin, D; von Euw, D; Tschuemperlin, K; Leuenberger, H; Chilliard, H; Hammon, HM; Morel, C; Philipona, C; Zbinden, Y; Kuenzi, N and Blum, JW (2002). Estimation of energy balance at the individual and herd level using blood and milk traits in high-yielding dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 85: 3314-3327.
26
Rushen, J and de Passillé, AM (2013). The importance of improving cow longevity. Proceedings of Cow Longevity Conference, Harma Farm, Tumba, Sweden. PP: 3-21.
27
Tiiratz, T (1997). Thyroxine, triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine concentrations in blood plasma in relation to lactational stage, milk yield, energy and dietary protein intake in Estonian dairy cows. Acta Vet. Scand., 38: 339-348.
28
Varga, GA (2004). Feeding strategies for transitioning cows into lactation. In: Proceedings of Penn State Dairy Cattle Nutrition Workshop. PP: 57-63.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Afghanistan (2016-2017): the first report
Background: Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease which affects the poultry industry. The virus exists in a wide variety of genotypes, and phylogenetic analysis has been used to classify infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains. Aims: The object of the study is a molecular characterization of circulating IBV in Afghanistan as a first study. Methods: The tracheal tissue specimens from 100 different commercial broiler flocks with respiratory distress in Afghanistan were collected during 2016-2017. After real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR), IBV-positive samples were further characterized. A 390 bp hypervariable spike glycoprotein gene segment was amplified using Nested PCR, sequenced, and analyzed. Results: The results of real-time RT-PCR showed that 45/100 of the mentioned flocks were IBV positive. Phylogenetic analysis of all positive samples revealed that IBV strains were clustered into two distinct genotypes: LX4 (GI-19) (9/45) and IS-1494 like (GI-23) (34/45). Also, 2 of the 45 samples remained uncharacterized. Conclusion: It is the first study focusing on the molecular epidemiology of IBV in Afghanistan, extending our understanding of IB in the region. These results showed the high rate of IB infection in Afghanistan broiler farms and confirm the continuing monitoring of IBVs to modify the vaccination program.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5145_84d61f9884ede4a2d839613925236128.pdf
2019-03-01
60
63
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5145
Afghanistan
Avian infectious bronchitis
Genotyping
GI-19
GI-23
N.
Sadri
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Ghalyanchilangeroudi
ghalyana@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. H.
Fallah Mehrabadi
3
Department of Poultry Diseases, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Hosseini
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Shayeganmehr
5
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M. S.
Sediqian
6
Department of Animal Science and Biology, Veterinary Faculty, Hariwa University, Herat, Afghanistan
AUTHOR
M.
Jabbarifakhr
7
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A. M.
Hamdan
8
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F. S.
Mousavi
9
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmed, Z; Naeem, K and Hameed, A (2007). Detection and seroprevalence of infectious bronchitis virus strains in commercial poultry in Pakistan. Poult. Sci., 86: 1329-1335.
1
Al-Shekaili, T; Baylis, M and Ganapathy, K (2015). Molecular detection of infectious bronchitis and avian metapneumoviruses in Oman backyard poultry. Res. Vet. Sci., 99: 46-52.
2
Bozorgmehri-Fard, M; Charkhkar, S and Hosseini, H (2014). Detection of the Chinese genotype of infectious bronchitis virus (QX-type) in Iran. Iran. J. Virol., 7: 21-24.
3
Callison, SA; Hilt, DA; Boynton, TO; Sample, BF; Robison, R; Swayne, DE and Jackwood, MW (2006). Development and evaluation of a real-time Taqman RT-PCR assay for the detection of infectious bronchitis virus from infected chickens. J. Virol. Methods. 138: 60-65.
4
De Wit, J; Cook, JK and Van Der Heijden, HM (2011). Infectious bronchitis virus variants: a review of the history, current situation and control measures. Avian Pathol., 40: 223-235.
5
De Wit, J; Nieuwenhuisen-van Wilgen, J; Hoogkamer, A; Van De Sande, H; Zuidam, G and Fabri, T (2011). Induction of cystic oviducts and protection against early challenge with infectious bronchitis virus serotype D388 (genotype QX) by maternally derived antibodies and by early vaccination. Avian Pathol., 40: 463-471.
6
Dolz, R; Pujols, J; Ordóñez, G; Porta, R and Majó, N (2006). Antigenic and molecular characterization of isolates of the Italy 02 infectious bronchitis virus genotype. Avian Pathol., 35: 77-85.
7
Dolz, R; Pujols, J; Ordóñez, G; Porta, R and Majó, N (2008). Molecular epidemiology and evolution of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Spain over a fourteen-year period. Virology. 374: 50-59.
8
Franzo, G; Massi, P; Tucciarone, CM; Barbieri, I; Tosi, G; Fiorentini, L; Ciccozzi, M; Lavazza, A; Cecchinato, M and Moreno, A (2017). Think globally, act locally: phylodynamic reconstruction of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) QX genotype (GI-19 lineage) reveals different population dynamics and spreading patterns when evaluated on different epidemiological scales. PloS One. 12: e0184401.
9
Habibi, M; Karimi, V; Langeroudi, AG; Ghafouri, S; Hashemzadeh, M; Farahani, R; Maghsoudloo, H; Abdollahi, H and Seifouri, P (2017). Combination of H120 and 1/96 avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine strains protect chickens against challenge with IS/1494/06 (variant 2)-like infectious bronchitis virus. Acta Virol. 61: 150-160.
10
Hamadan, AM; Ghalyanchilangeroudi, A; Hashemzadeh, M; Hosseini, H; Karimi, V; Yahyaraeyat, R and Najafi, H (2017). Genotyping of avian infectious bronchitis viruses in Iran (2015-2017) reveals domination of IS-1494 like virus. Virus Res., 240: 101-106.
11
Hosseini, H; Bozorgmehri Fard, MH; Charkhkar, S and Morshed, R (2015). Epidemiology of avian infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Iran (2010-2014). Avian Dis., 59: 431-435.
12
Hussein, AH; Emara, M; Rohaim, M; Ganapathy, K and Arafa, A (2014). Sequence analysis of infectious bronchitis virus IS/1494 like strain isolated from broiler chicken co-infected with Newcastle disease virus in Egypt during 2012. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 13: 530-536.
13
Kahya, S; Coven, F; Temelli, S; Eyigor, A and Carli, KT (2013). Presence of IS/1494/06 genotype-related infectious bronchitis virus in breeder and broiler flocks in Turkey. Ankara Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg., 60: 27-31.
14
Kumar, S; Stecher, G and Tamura, K (2016). MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol. Biol. Evol., 33: 1870-1874.
15
Lim, TH; Lee, HJ; Lee, DH; Lee, YN; Park, JK; Youn, HN; Kim, MS; Lee, JB; Park, SY and Choi, IS (2011). An emerging recombinant cluster of nephropathogenic strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus in Korea. Infect. Genet. Evol., 11: 678-685.
16
Liu, S; Chen, J; Han, Z; Zhang, Q; Shao, Y; Kong, X and Tong, G (2006). Infectious bronchitis virus: S1 gene characteristics of vaccines used in China and efficacy of vaccination against heterologous strains from China. Avian Pathol., 35: 394-399.
17
Najafi, H; Langeroudi, AG; Hashemzadeh, M; Karimi, V; Madadgar, O; Ghafouri, SA; Maghsoudlo, H and Farahani, RK (2015). Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from broiler chicken farms in Iran, 2014-2015. Arch. Virol., 161: 1-10.
18
Najafi, H; Langeroudi, AG; Hashemzadeh, M; Karimi, V; Madadgar, O; Ghafouri, SA; Maghsoudlo, H and Farahani, RK (2016). Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis viruses isolated from broiler chicken farms in Iran, 2014-2015. Arch. Virol., 161: 53-62.
19
Ovchinnikova, EV; Bochkov, YA; Shcherbakova, LO; Nikonova, ZB; Zinyakov, NG; Elatkin, NP; Mudrak, NS; Borisov, AV and Drygin, VV (2011). Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus isolates from Russia and neighbouring countries: identification of intertypic recombination in the S1 gene. Avian Pathol., 40: 507-514.
20
Seger, W; GhalyanchiLangeroudi, A; Karimi, V; Madadgar, O; Marandi, MV and Hashemzadeh, M (2016). Genotyping of infectious bronchitis viruses from broiler farms in Iraq during 2014-2015. Arch. Virol., 161: 1229-1237.
21
Valastro, V; Holmes, EC; Britton, P; Fusaro, A; Jackwood, MW; Cattoli, G and Monne, I (2016). S1 gene-based phylogeny of infectious bronchitis virus: an attempt to harmonize virus classification. Infect. Genet. Evol., 39: 349-364.
22
Worthington, KJ; Currie, R and Jones, RC (2008). A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction survey of infectious bronchitis virus genotypes in Western Europe from 2002 to 2006. Avian Pathol., 37: 247-257.
23
Zafar, M (2005). First draft country report on the status and perspectives of the animal genetic resources development and conservation in Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Kabul, Afghanistan: FAO.
24
Zhao, W; Gao, M; Xu, Q; Xu, Y; Zhao, Y; Chen, Y; Zhang, T; Wang, Q; Han, Z and Li, H (2017). Origin and evolution of LX4 genotype infectious bronchitis coronavirus in China. Vet. Microbiol., 198: 9-16.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Gill lesions and mortality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with a dense bloom of Heterosigma-like algae in Khuzestan province, Iran
Background: Widespread common carp (Cyprinus carpio) mortalities have been recorded in Khuzestan province fish farms in recent years. In summer of 2017 two cases of harmful algal bloom were encountered that led to massive mortality in common carp in Khuzestan, Iran. Aims: The aim of this study was to identify the possible etiologic agent of two mortalities with characteristic symptoms of gill lesions due to harmful algae. Methods: Water samples were collected and 5 moribund fishes were examined by histophatologic, scanning electron microscopic and PCR examination. Results: In wet smear preparations, a lot of algal cells and fragments, and sloughed, necrotic epithelial cells were observed between the lamellae. In histopathologic examination of gills, hyperplasia, necrosis and algal cells surrounded by hyperplastic cells were seen in tissue sections. No inflammatory cell aggregation was noticed. In scanning electron microscopic examination the algae was found attached to the gill surface (cell diameter: 8.5 ± 4.2 µm) with 2 equal flagella. Conclusion: Phytoplankton analysis using direct microscopy and electron microscopy, morphologically resembling Heterosigma was identified, however, in PCR tests, Heterosigma analysis showed negative results, therefore the causative agent was called “Heterosigma-like” algae.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_5146_7945d632f0422c04f464df1b336ccbc3.pdf
2019-03-01
64
67
10.22099/ijvr.2019.5146
Common carp
Gill lesions
Heterosigma sp
Khuzestan province
Mortality
R.
Peyghan
peyghan2014@gmail.com
1
Departmentof Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Rezaei
2
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Z.
Tulaby Dezfuly
3
Ph.D. Student in Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Halimi
4
Ph.D. Student in Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
AUTHOR
Abou El-Gheit, EN; Abdo, MH and Mahmoud, SA (2012). Impacts of blooming phenomenon on water quality and fishes in Qarunlake, Egypt. J. Environ. Sci. Eng., 3: 11-23.
1
Akase, SI; Yoshikawa, T; Hayakawa, N; Maeda, H and Sakata, T (2004). Molecular identification of red tide-causing microalga Heterosigma akashiwo strains based on their chloroplast DNA sequences. Fish. Sci., 70: 1043-1050.
2
Fredrickson, KA; Storm, SL; Crim, R and Coyne, K (2011). Interstrain variability in physiology and genetics of Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae) from the west coast of North America. J. Phycol., 47: 25-35.
3
Gilad, O; Yun, S; Andree, KB; Adkison, MA; Zlotkin, A; Bercovier, H; Eldar, A and Hedrick RP (2002). Initial characteristics of koi herpesvirus and development of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the virus in koi, Cyprinus carpio koi. Dis. Aquat. Organ., 48: 101-108.
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Higashi, A; Nagai, S; Seone, S and Ueki, S (2017). A hypervariable mitochondrial protein coding sequence associated with geographical origin in a cosmopolitan bloom-forming alga, Heterosigma akashiwo. Biol. Lett., 13: 20160976.
6
Martinez, R; Orive, E; Laza-Martinez, A and Seoane, S (2010). Growth response of six strains of Heterosigma akashiwo to varying temperature, salinity and irradiance conditions. J. Plankton. Res., 32: 529-538.
7
Shikata, T; Nagasoe, S; Matsubara, T; Yoshikawa, S; Yamasaki, Y; Shimasaki, Y; Oshima, Y; Jenkinson, IR and Honjo, T (2008). Factors influencing the initiation of blooms of the raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and the diatom Skeletonema costatum in a port in Japan. Limnol. Oceanogr., 53: 2503-2518.
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Siwicki, AK; Lepa, A; Malaczewska, J; Kazuñ, B; Kazun, K and Terech-Majewska, E (2006). Isolation and identification of carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus (CNGV) in fingerling common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Arch. Pol. Fish., 14: 157-167.
9
Storm, SL; Harvey, EL; Fredrickson, KA and Menden-Deuer, S (2013). Broad salinity tolerance as a refuge from predation in the harmful raphidophyte alga Heterosigma akashiwo (Raphidophyceae). J. Phycol., 49: 20-31.
10
Taylor, FJR and Haigh, R (1993). The ecology of fish-killing blooms of the chloromonad flagellate Heterosigma in the Strait of Georgia and adjacent waters. In: Smayda, TJ and Shimizu, Y (Eds.), Toxic phytoplankton blooms in the sea. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, Newport, Rhode Island, USA. 28 Oct-1 Nov 1991. PP: 705-710.
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Yu, J; Yang, G and Tian, J (2010). The effects of the harmful algae Heterosigma akashiwo on cultures of Schmackeria inopinus (Copepoda, Calanoida). J. Sea. Res., 64: 287-294.
12