ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
3-D computed tomography reconstruction: another tool to teach anatomy in the veterinary colleges
This letter underpins the use of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) reconstruction as an aid to teach veterinary anatomy. Cases were presented to students in order to observe normal and clinically abnormal patients. The images provided excellent details of relevant structures and could serve as a tool for teaching anatomy. Many sources describe different options to enhance anatomical learning by students through the use of modern imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The contribution of CT to anatomical knowledge is limited due to the high cost and the lack of a suitable design for large animals, although recently studies have been reported on foals head (Cabrera et al., 2015). Advances in CT studies involve the generation of 3D-CT of the canine spine (Drees et al., 2009), the sea lion head (Dennison and Schwarz, 2008), or orbital diseases (Zafra et al., 2012). This study reports examples of this technique and its contribution to the understanding by the students. The CT images were obtained at the Veterinary Hospital of Las Palmas University from different cases. Transverse images were obtained using fourth generation CT equipment. Each patient was subjected to 3D reconstruction using a standard DICOM 3D format. The images were showed to a group of 20 students that had completed their basic training by learning anatomy through computer simulations. They could label relevant structures of the cervical spine of foal, including the atlas and its occipital articulation and the modified spinous process of axis (Fig. 1). In relation to the dog head, the 3D-CT showed the extent of the bony lesions, occupying the orbital region. It affected the maxillary border of the zygomatic and frontal bone (Fig. 2). In the last case, students visualized fractures of the dogskull. Additional transverse image showed contusional hemorrhage in the left parietal lobe and dilatation of lateral ventricles (Fig. 3).
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4759_ef226c4884ce1b9ff0836b0f214fe6d6.pdf
2018-03-01
1
2
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4759
-
J. R.
Jaber
joseraduan.jaber@ulpgc.es
1
Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
LEAD_AUTHOR
C.
Carrascosa
2
Department of Pathology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
AUTHOR
A.
Arencibia
3
Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
AUTHOR
J. A.
Corbera
4
Department of Pathology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
AUTHOR
A. S.
Ramirez
5
Department of Pathology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
AUTHOR
C.
Melian
6
Department of Pathology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
AUTHOR
Cabrera, L; Arencibia, A; Rizkallal, C; Blanco, D; Farray, D; Díaz-Bertrana, ML; Carrascosa, C and Jaber, JR (2015). Computed tomographic imaging of the brain of normal neonatal foals. Arch. Med. Vet., 47: 209-214.
1
Dennison, SE and Schwarz, T (2008). Computed tomographic imaging of the normal immature California sea lion head. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound., 49: 557-563.
2
Drees, R; Dennison, SE; Keuler, NS and Schwarz, T (2009). Computed tomographic imaging protocol for the canine cervical and lumbar spine. Vet. Radiol. Ultrasound., 50: 74-79.
3
Zafra, R; Carrascosa, C; Suarez-Bonnet, A; Melián, C; Fernández, T; Monzón, M; Quesada, O; Suarez, F and Jaber, JR (2012). Three-dimensional reconstruction by computed tomography of an undifferentiated sarcoma in a dog. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 40: 289-291.
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Correlation between neonatal calf diarrhea and the level of maternally derived antibodies
Passively acquired antibodies through colostrum will protect calves against etiological agents of neonatal calf diarrhea. Among them enteric diseases due to strains of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are the most commonly occurring form of colibacillosis in newborn calves. Specific antibodies against whole ETEC cells and total immunoglobulin G in dam serum, colostrum and calf serum were determined. There were significant differences (P=0.0005) between antibody titers in normal and diarrheic groups, in which diarrheic group had a higher titer. Total IgG concentration in diarrheic calves (20.86 ± 0.49), their dams (23.48 ± 0.54) and colostrum (33.40 ± 0.50) was less than normal group (P=0.0005). There was a highly significant positive correlation between dam total IgG with calf total IgG (r=0.022; ratio=52.11). Colostral anti-E. coli antibody had a highly significant positive correlation with anti-E. coli in calf serum (r=0.345; ratio=0.62). Anti-E. coli antibody in calf serum had a highly significant negative correlati with total IgG of dam serum, colostrum and calf serum. While the level of anti-E. coli antibodies in diarrheic group was considerably higher than normal group, our findings reported here are in agreement that immunity to diarrhea also might be correlated with maternal cells or cellular components as well as cytokines which are transferred by colostrum to neonatal calves. Nevertheless, the level of maternally derived antibodies is a promising indicator for passive immunity and protection against diarrhea in neonatal calves.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4760_7c76d3705239b5ae1eec0562611f00c9.pdf
2018-03-01
3
8
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4760
Calf
Colostrum
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
IgG
K. Z. K.
Al-Alo
1
Ph.D. Student, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Gh.
Nikbakht Brujeni
nikbakht@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Lotfollahzadeh
3
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Moosakhani
4
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Gharabaghi
5
Resident, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Acres, SD; Forman, AS and Kapitany, RA (1982). Antigen extinction profile in pregnant cows, using a K99- containing whole-cell bacterin to induce passive protection against enterotoxigenic colibacillosis of calves. Am. J. Vet. Res., 43: 569-575.
1
Balikci, E and Al, M (2014). Some serum acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins concentrations in calves with Rotavirus, Coronavirus, E. coli F5 and Eimeria species. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 15: 397-401.
2
Banks, KL and McGuire, TC (1989). Neonatal immunology. In: Halliwel, R and Gorman, NT (Eds.), Veterinary clinical immunology. (illustrated Edn.), Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders. PP: 117-145.
3
Bertschinger, HU; Bachmann, M; Mettler, CA; Schraner, EM; Stamm, M; Sydler, T and Wild, P (1990). Adhesive fimbriae produced in vivo by Escherichia coli O 139:K12 (B):H1 associated with enterotoxaemia in pigs. Vet. Microbiol., 25: 267-281.
4
Besser, TE; Gay, CC and Pritchett, L (1991). Comparison of three methods of feeding colostrum to dairy calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc., 198: 419-422.
5
Bianchi, AT; Scholten, JW; Moonen Leusen, BH and Boersma, WJ (1999). Development of the natural response of immunoglobulin secreting cells in the pig as a function of organ, age and housing. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 23: 511-520.
6
Bogstedt, AK; Johansen, KH; Kim, M; Casswall, T; Svensson, L and Hammarstorm, L (1996). Passive immunity against diarrhea. Acta Paediatrica. 85: 125-128.
7
Cepica, A and Derbyshire, JB (1984). The effect of adoptive transfer of mononuclear leukocytes from an adult donor on spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity and resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. Can. J. Comp. Med., 48: 360-364.
8
Cho, YI and Yoon, KJ (2014). An overview of calf diarrhea infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention. J. Vet. Sci., 15: 1-17.
9
Contrepois, MG and Girardeau, JP (1985). Additive protective effects, of colostral antipili antibodies in calves experimentally infected with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Infect. Immun., 50: 947-949.
10
DeNise, SK; Robison, JD; Stott, GH and Armstrong, DV (1989). Effects of passive immunity on subsequent production in dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci., 72: 552-554.
11
Earley, B and Fallon, RJ (1998). The relationship between immunoglobulin deficiency and disease in calves. Ir. J. Agri. Food Res., 37: 118-119.
12
Facon, M; Skura, BJ and Nakai, S (1995). Antibodies to a colonization factor of human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in cows’ in colostrum. Food Res. Int., 28: 387-391.
13
Foster, DM and Smith, GW (2009). Pathophysiology of diarrhea in calves. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract., 25: 13-36.
14
Gunti, S and Notkins, AL (2015). Polyreactive antibodies: function and quantification. J. Infect. Dis., (Suppl. 1), 212: S42-46.
15
Hurley, WL and Theil, PK (2011). Perspectives on immunoglobulins in colostrum and milk. Nutrients. 3: 442-474.
16
Jacks, TM; Schleim, KD; Judith, F and Miller, BM (1980). Cephamycin C treatment of induced Enterotoxigenic colibacillosis (scours) in calves and piglets. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 18: 397-402.
17
Lofstedt, J; Dohoo, LR and Duizer, G (1999). Model to predict septicemia in diarrheic calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 13: 81-88.
18
Naylor, JM (2002). Neonatal ruminal diarrhea. In: Smith, BP (Ed.), Large animal internal medicine. (3 Edn.), St. Louis, Missouri. PP: 352-366.
19
Osteras, O; Gjestvang, MS; Vatn, S and Solverod, L (2007). Perinatal death in production animals in the Nordic countries incidence and costs. Acta Vet. Scand., (Suppl. 1), 49: S14.
20
Radostits, OM; Gay, CC; Hichcliff, KW and Constable, PD (2007). Veterinary medicine. 10 Edn., London, UK, W. B. Saunders Co., PP: 851-875, 1286-1305.
21
Robison, JD; Stott, GH and DeNise, SK (1988). Effects of passive immunity on growth and survival in the dairy heifer. J. Dairy Sci., 71: 1283-1287.
22
Salmon, H; Berri, M; Gerdts, V; Franc, O and Meurens, F (2009). Humoral and cellular factors of maternal immunity in swine. Dev. Comp. Immunol., 33: 384-393.
23
Silverstein, AM (1996). Paul Ehrlich: the founding of pediatric immunology. Cell. Immunol., 174: 1-6.
24
Steiner, L; Busato, A; Burnens, A and Gaillard, C (1997). Frequency and etiology of calf losses and calf diseases before weaning in cow-calf farms. II. Microbiological and parasitological diagnoses in diarrheic calves. Dtsch. Tierärzd. Wschr., 104: 169-173.
25
Vazquez, F; González, EA; Garabal, JI and Blanco, J (1996). Fimbriae extracts from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of bovine and porcine origin with K99 and/or F41 antigens. Vet. Microbiol., 48: 231-241.
26
Weaver, DM; Tyler, JW; VanMetre, DC; Hostetler, DE and Barrington, GM (2000). Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 14: 569-577.
27
Wells, SJ; Dargatz, DA and Ott, SL (1996). Factors associated with mortality to 21 days of life in dairy heifers in the United States. Prev. Vet. Med., 29: 9-19.
28
Xu, RJ (1996). Development of the newborn GI tract and its relation to colostrum intake: a review. Reprod. Fert. Dev., 8: 35-48.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The roles of cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein in the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in chickens
The effects of three selective oral inhibitors, fluvoxamine (FLU), ketoconazole (KET), and verapamil (VER), on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of florfenicol (FFC) were investigated in chickens. The chickens were administered orally with saline solution (SAL), FLU (60 mg/kg), KET (25 mg/kg), or VER (9 mg/kg) for 7 consecutive days. Florfenicol was given to the chickens at a single dose of 30 mg/kg orally. Blood samples were collected from each chicken at 0 to 12 h post-administration of FFC. The plasma concentration of FFC was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The AUC of FFC increased and the CLs of FFC decreased with oral co-administration of KET in chickens, and the Cmax of FFC increased with VER. While the AUC, the CLs and the Cmax of FFC were all invariable with FLU. These data suggested that CYP 3A played a key role in the PK of FFC in chickens, however, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP 1A did not. The results imply that the adverse drug-drug interaction may occur in the use of FFC if the co-administrated drugs are the substrates, inducers or inhibitors of CYP 3A or/and P-gp.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4761_5009c13ef103af5517501209c912cae0.pdf
2018-03-01
9
14
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4761
CYP 1A
CYP 3A
Florfenicol
P-glycoprotein
pharmacokinetics
G. Y.
Wang
1
Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Animal College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
AUTHOR
H. H.
Zheng
2
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
AUTHOR
K. Y.
Zhang
3
Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China
AUTHOR
F.
Yang
4
Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Animal College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
AUTHOR
T.
Kong
5
Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Animal College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
AUTHOR
B.
Zhou
6
Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Animal College of Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
AUTHOR
Sh. X.
Jiang
364567564@qq.com
7
Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
Afifi, NA and AboEl-Sooud, K (1997). Tissue concentration and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci., 38: 425-428.
1
Anadón, A; Martínez, MA; Martínez, M; Ríos, A; Caballero, V; Ares, I and Martínez-Larrañaga, MR (2008). Plasma and tissue depletion of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine in chickens. J. Agr. Food Chem., 56: 11049-11056.
2
Atef, M; El-genda, YI; Amer, AMM and El-Aty, AMA (2001). Disposition kinetics of florfenicol in goats by using two analytical methods. J. Vet. Med. A Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med., 48: 129-136.
3
Athukuri, BL and Neerati, P (2017). Enhanced oral bio-availability of domperidone with piperine in male Wistar rats: involvement of CYP3A1 and P-gp inhibition. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 20: 28-37.
4
Azizi, J; Ismail, S and Mansor, SM (2013). Mitragyna speciosa Korth leaves extracts induced the CYP450 catalyzed aminopyrine-N-demethylase (APND) and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) activities in male Sprague-Dawley rat livers. Drug Metabol. Drug Interact., 28: 95-105.
5
Cortright, KA and Craigmill, AL (2006). Cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of midazolam in hepatic microsomes from chickens, turkeys, pheasant and bobwhite quail. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 29: 469-476.
6
Davidson Peiris, E and Wusirika, R (2017). A case report of compound heterozygous CYP24A1 mutations leading to nephrolithiasis successfully treated with ketoconazole. Case Rep. Nephrol. Dial., 7: 167-171.
7
Filazi, A; Sireli, UT; Yurdakok, B; Aydin, FG and Kucukosmanoglu, AG (2014). Depletion of florfenicol and florfenicol amine residues in chicken eggs. Br. Poult. Sci., 55: 460-465.
8
Ghoddusi, A; Nayeri Fasaei, B; Karimi, V; Ashrafi Tamai, I; Moulana, Z and Zahraei Salehi, T (2015). Molecular identification of Salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and detection of their resistance genesby PCR. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 16: 293-297.
9
He, X and Feng, S (2015). Role of metabolic enzymes P450 (CYP) on activating procarcinogen and their poly-morphisms on the risk of cancers. Curr. Drug Metab., 16: 850-863.
10
Ismail, M and El-Kattan, YA (2009). Comparative pharma-cokinetics of florfenicol in the chicken, pigeon and quail. Br. Poult. Sci., 50: 144-149.
11
Ledwitch, KV; Barnes, RW and Roberts, AG (2016). Unravelling the complex drug-drug interactions of the cardiovascular drugs, verapamil and digoxin, with P-glycoprotein. Biosci. Rep., 36; e00309.
12
Lee, J; Kim, AH; Yi, S; Lee, S; Yoon, SH; Yu, KS; Jang, IJ and Cho, JY (2017). Distribution of exogenous and endogenous CYP3A markers and related factors in healthy males and females. AAPS J., doi: 10.1208/s12248-017-0090-8.
13
Liu, N; Guo, M; Mo, F; Sun, YH; Yuan, Z; Cao, LH and Jiang, SX (2011). Involvement of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A in the metabolism of florfenicol of rabbits. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Therap., 35: 202-205.
14
NRC (1994). Nutrient requirements of poultry. 9th Rev. Edn., Washington, D.C., Natl. Acad. Press. PP: 19-34.
15
Pal, D and Mitra, AK (2006). MDR- and CYP3A4-mediated drug-drug interactions. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol., 1: 323-339.
16
Poźniak, B; Pawłowski, P; Pasławska, U; Grabowski, T; Suszko, A; Lis, M and Świtała, M (2017). The influence of rapid growth in broilers on florfenicol pharmacokinetics-allometric modelling of the pharmacokinetic and haemo-dynamic parameters. Br. Poult. Sci., 58: 184-191.
17
Razmyar, J and Zamani, AH (2016). An outbreak of yolk sac infection and dead-in-shell mortality in common canary (Serinus canaria) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Iran. J. Vet. Res., 17: 141-143.
18
Shen, J; Hu, D; Wu, X and Coats, JR (2003). Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in broiler chickens. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 26: 337-341.
19
Shin, SJ; Kang, SG; Nabin, R; Kang, ML and Yoo, HS (2005). Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of florfenicol against bacteria isolated from bovine and porcine respiratory disease. Vet. Microbiol., 106: 73-77.
20
Soback, S; Paape, MJ; Filep, R and Varma, KJ (1995). Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in lactating cows after intravenous, intramuscular and intramammary administra-tion. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 18: 413-417.
21
Suo, XB; Zhang, H and Wang, YQ (2007). HPLC determination of andrographolide in rat whole blood: study on the pharmacokinetics of andrographolide incorporated in liposomes and tablets. Biomed. Chromatogr., 21: 730-734.
22
Tsuji, PA and Walle, T (2007). Benzo[a]pyrene-induced cytochrome P450 1A and DNA binding in cultured trout hepatocytes-inhibition by plant polyphenols. Chem. Biol. Interact., 169: 25-31.
23
Verner-Jeffreys, DW; Brazier, T; Perez, RY; Ryder, D; Card, RM; Welch, TJ; Hoare, R; Ngo, T; McLaren, N; Ellis, R; Bartie, KL; Feist, SW; Rowe, WMP; Adams, A and Thompson, KD (2017). Detection of the florfenicol resistance gene floR in Chryseobacterium isolates from rainbow trout. Exception to the general rule? FEMS Microbiol. Ecol., 93(4). doi: 10.1093/femsec/fix015.
24
Wang, GY; Tu, P; Chen, X; Guo, YG and Jiang, SX (2013). Effect of three polyether ionophores on pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in male broilers. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther., 36: 494-501.
25
Wei, CF; Shien, JH; Chang, SK and Chou, CC (2016). Florfenicol as a modulator enhancing antimicrobial activity: example using combination with Thiamphenicol against Pasteurella multocida. Front Microbiol., 7: 389.
26
Yamaoka, K; Nakagawa, T and Uno, T (1978). Application of Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) in the evaluation of linear pharmacokinetic equations. J. Food Biochem., 100: 609-618.
27
Yang, YC; Zhang, WG; Tang, ZM; Liu, CX; Sun, RY and Yu, ZL (1988). 3P87 practical pharmacokinetics program. Information of the CPA. 5: 67.
28
Yasui-Furukori, N; Takahata, T; Nakagami, T; Yoshiya, G; Inoue, Y; Kaneko, S and Tateishi, T (2004). Different inhibitory effect of fluvoxamine on omeprazole metabolism between CYP2C19 genotypes. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 57: 487-494.
29
Zhang, Y; Wang, C; Liu, Z; Meng, Q; Huo, X; Liu, Q; Sun, P; Yang, X; Sun, H; Ma, X and Liu, K (2017). P-gp is involved in the intestinal absorption and biliary excretion of afatinib in vitro and in rats. Pharmacol. Rep., 70: 243-250.
30
Zhou, SF (2008). Drugs behave as substrates, inhibitors and inducers of human cytochrome P450 3A4. Curr. Drug Metab., 9: 310-322.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of time of eCG administration on the fate of ovarian follicle in Holstein heifers
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) on ovarian follicles at three stages of development (emergence, dominance and early static phases) during the first follicular wave (FFW) in Holstein heifers. Heifers (n=20) were randomly assigned into four experimental groups (n=5 in each group). Heifers received eCG (500 IU; Folligon®; Intervet, Holland; i.m) a) on the day of follicle emergence (day of ovulation; group 1), b) on the dominant phase (dominant follicle (DF): the first day in which follicle was observed at ≥10 mm; group 2, and c) on the early static phase (group 3) of the FFW. Control group heifers did not receive any treatment. Daily ultrasonography was conducted to monitor ovarian structure throughout estrous cycle. All treatment group heifers, regardless of the stage of follicle development, displayed follicle growth after eCG injection. Administration of eCG, in group 1, hastened DF detection and induced co-dominant follicles; whereas, in groups 2 and 3, it delayed DF regression, and increased cycle length compared to control. In all treatment group heifers, DF was present 84 h after eCG injection. Maximum diameter of corpus luteum was larger in eCG treated groups compared to control (P<0.05). In conclusion, depending on the time of eCG administration throughout the FFW (emergence, dominant and early static phases), co-dominancy, maintenance of DF, enhancement of follicle and corpus luteum growth and increase in estrous cycle length could be observed in Holstein heifers.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4762_f413aea0941365123914707879ae877d.pdf
2018-03-01
15
21
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4762
Dominant phase
eCG
Emergence
Holstein heifers
Static phase
A.
Hosseini
1
Resident of Theriogenology, Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
A.
Niasari-Naslaji
niasari@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Vojgani
3
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Gharagozloo
4
Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Adams, GP (1999). Comparative patterns of follicular development and selection in ruminants. J. Reprod. Fertil., 54: 17-32.
1
Adams, GP; Matteri, RL; Kastelic, JP; Ko, JC and Ginther, OJ (1992). Association between surges of follicle-stimulating hormone and the emergence of follicular waves in heifers. J. Reprod. Fertil., 94: 177-188.
2
Ahmad, N; Townsend, EC; Dailey, RA and Inskeep, EK (1997). Relationship of hormonal patterns and fertility to ocurrence of two or three waves of ovarian follicles, before and after breeding, in beef cows and heifers. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 49: 13-28.
3
Bartolome, JA; Perez Wallace, S; de la Sota, RL and Thatcher, WW (2012). The effect of administering equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) post artificial insemination on fertility of lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 78: 1110-1116.
4
Bevers, MM; Dieleman, SJ; van Tol, HTM; Blankenstein, DM and van den Broek, J (1989). Changes in pulsatile secretion patterns of LH, FSH, progesterone, androstenedione and oestradiol in cows after superovulation with PMSG. J. Reprod. Fertil.,87: 745-754.
5
Bo, GA; Adams, GP; Caccia, M; Martinez, M; Pierson, RA and Mapletoft, RJ (1995). Ovarian follicular wave emergence after treatment with progesterone and estradiol in cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 39: 193-204.
6
Burke, CR; Day, ML; Bunt, CR and Macmillan, KL (2000). Use of a small dose of estradiol benzoate during diestrus to synchronize development of the ovulatory follicle in cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 78: 145-151.
7
Dieleman, SJ; Bevers, MM; Wurth, YA; Gielen, JT and Willemse, AH (1989). Improved embryo yield and condition of donor ovaries in cows after PMSG superovulation with monoclonal anti-PMSG administered shortly after the preovulatory LH peak. Theriogenology. 31: 473-487.
8
Fátima, LA; Baruselli, PS; Gimenes, LU; Binelli, M; Rennó, FP; Murphy, BD and Papa, PC (2012). Global gene expression in the bovine corpusluteum is altered after stimulatory and superovulatory treatments. Reprod. Fertil. Dev., 25: 998-1011.
9
Garcia-Ispierto, I; López-Helguera, I; Martino, A and López-Gatius, F (2012). Reproductive performance of anoestrous high-producing dairy cows improved by adding equine chorionic gonadotrophin to a progesterone-based oestrous synchronizing protocol. Reprod. Dom. Anim., 47: 752-758.
10
Ginther, OJ (1970). Effect of progesterone on length of oestrous cycle in cattle. Am. J. Vet. Res., 31: 493-496.
11
Ginther, OJ; Bergfelt, DR; Kulick, LJ and Kot, K (2000). Selection of the dominant follicle in cattle: role of estradiol. Biol. Reprod., 63: 383-389.
12
Ginther, OJ; Kastelic, JP and Knopf, L (1989b). Composition and characteristics of follicular waves during the bovine estrous cycle. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 20: 187-200.
13
Ginther, OJ; Knopf, L and Kastelic, JP (1989a). Temporal associations among ovarian events in cattle during oestrous cycle with two and three follicular waves. J. Reprod. Fertil., 41: 154-247.
14
Gonzalez-Menico, F; Manns, J and Murphy, BD (1978). FSH and LH activity of PMSG from mares at different stages of gestation. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 1: 137-144.
15
Gonzalez-Padilla, E; Niswender, GD and Wiltbank, JN (1975). Puberty in beef heifers. II. Effect of injections of progesterone and estradiol-17β on serum LH, FSH and ovarian activity. J. Anim. Sci., 40: 1105-1109.
16
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17
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Molecular detection and characterization of beak and feather disease virus in psittacine birds in Tehran, Iran
Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV), a member of genus circovirus, is a small, non-enveloped, single stranded DNA virus. Although BFDVs are among the most well studied circoviruses, there is little to no information about BFDVs in Iran. The aim of the present study was to detect and identify BFDV molecules from the birds referred to the avian clinic of The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Iran. A total of 55 DNA samples were extracted from birds from nine different species of the order psittaciformes. A robust conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect the rep gene of the virus. Ten out of 55 samples, from four different species, were tested positive for BFDVs in PCR (Melopsittacus undulates (4), Psittacula Krameri (3), Psittacus erithacus (2), Platycercus eximius (1)). Molecular identification of the detected BFDVs was performed based on their rep gene sequences. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Iranian BFDVs from this study were clustered into four genetically distinct clades belonging to different genetic subtypes of BFDVs (L1, N1, T1, and I4). Although the relation between the samples and their related subtypes in the tree are discussed, further studies are needed to elucidate the host specificity and incidence of the BFDVs from different genetic subtypes.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4763_1d86bf7845519dfad8d84790ab532f9d.pdf
2018-03-01
22
26
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4763
Beak and feather disease virus
Molecular detection
Psittaciformes
M. R.
Haddadmarandi
1
Resident of Avian Disease, Department of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Madani
2
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Central Veterinary Laboratory, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Nili
hassanili@yahoo.com
3
Department of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Ghorbani
4
Department of Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
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43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Histological and biochemical evaluation of supplementing broiler diet with β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca)
Two hundred and sixteen day-old Ross-308 broiler chicks were allocated into 4 groups to study the impacts of different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%) of β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium (β-HMB-Ca), on values of tri-iodothyronin (T3) and tetra-iodothyronin (T4) hormones, liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], uric acid, peroxide, malondialdihyde (MDA), fatty acids and some histological parameters of small intestine (thickness of mucosa, height of villi, thickness of villi, depth of epithelial crypts and epithelial height). The biochemical results did not show any significant effect on T3 and T4 hormones and ALT while there was significant (P<0.01) decrease of AST in groups 2 and 3 and significant (P<0.05) decrease in uric acid in groups 2, 3 and 4 in comparison to control. In the liver, peroxide value (PV) and free fatty acids (FFA) were significantly (P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively) decreased in groups 2 and 3 compared to control. The histological changes indicate significant values (P<0.05) in all parameters of duodenum in group 2 and 3, while those parameters of jejunum showed significant values (P<0.05) in most parameters of groups 2 and 4. In conclusion, the addition of β-HMB-Ca to the broiler diet from age 1 to 35 days has improved the levels of liver function enzymes and uric acid in the serum and lowered the parameters of oxidation in the liver with improved the maturity, performance and secretory activities of the small intestine in broiler chickens.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4764_76cf26ba81c8fb89700cdd1067771a72.pdf
2018-03-01
27
34
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4764
Biochemical
Broiler
β-hydroxy-methyl butyrate calcium
Histological
Kh. A.
Suad
osamatalib25@yahoo.cm
1
Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
LEAD_AUTHOR
J. S. H.
AL-Shamire
2
Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
A. A.
Dhyaa
3
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
AUTHOR
Bancroft, JD and Marilyn, G (2008). Theory and practice of histological techniques. 1st Edn., London, Elsevier Limited. PP: 168-173.
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Nissen, S; Fuller, JC; Sell, J; Ferket, PR and Rives, DV (1994). The effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate on growth, mortality, and carcass qualities of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci., 73: 137-155.
29
Nissen, S; Sharp, L and Panton, M (2000). B-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation humans is safe and may decrease cardiovascular risk factors. Am. Soc. Nutri. Sci., 30: 1937-1945.
30
NRC (1994). National research council nutrent requirement for poultry. 9th Edn., USA, National Academy Press. PP: 19-26.
31
Ostaszewski, P; Kostiuk, S; Balasińska, B; Jank, M; Papet, I and Glomot, F (2000). The leucine metabolite 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (HMB) modifies protein turnover in muscles of laboratory rats and domestic chickens in vitro. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 84: 1-8.
32
Pacher, P; Nivorozhkin, A and Szabo, C (2006). Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol. Pharmacol. Rev., 58: 87-114.
33
Portal, S; Zadik, Z; Rabinowitz, J; Pilz-Burstein, R; Adler-Portal, D and Meckel, Y (2011). The effect of HMB supplementation on body composition, fitness, hormonal and inflammatory mediators in elite adolescent volleyball players: a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol., 111: 2261-2269.
34
Qiao, X; Zhang, HJ; Wu, SG; Yue, HY; Zuo, JJ; Feng, DY and Qi, GH (2013). Effect of β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate calcium on growth, blood parameters, and carcass qualities of broiler chickens. Poul. Sci., 92: 753-759.
35
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Robertson, SP; Twigg, SR; Sutherland-Smith, AJ; Biancalana, V; Gorlin, RJ; Horn, D; Kenwrick, SJ; Kim, CA; Morava, E; Newbury-Ecob, R; Orstavik, KH; Quarrell, OW; Schwartz, CE; Shears, DJ; Suri, M; Kendrick-Jones, J and Wilkie, AO (2003). Localized mutations in the gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein filamin A cause diverse malformations in humans. Nat. Genet., 33: 487-491.
37
Rodwell, VW (2009). Metabolism of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides. Harper’s illustrated biochemistry.-28e. New York, McGraw Hill. PP: 30-292.
38
Routhier, DD and Stacy, JJ (2007). HMB use and its relationship to exercise-induced muscle damage and performance during exercise. Int. Sport Med. J., 2: 68-77.
39
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41
Szcześniak, KA; Ostaszewski, P; Fuller, JC; Ciecierska, A and Sadkowski, T (2015). Dietary supplementation of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate in animals. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 99: 405-417.
42
Tako, E; Ferkt, PR and Uni, Z (2004). Effect of in vivo feeding on carbohydrate and beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate on the development of chick intestine. Poult. Sci., 83: 2023-2028.
43
Teitz, NW (1987). Fundamental of clinical chemistry. 2nd Edn., Philadelphia, PA, Saunders Co., PP: 47-53.
44
Van-Koevering, MT; Dolezal, HG; Gill, DR; Owens, FN; Strasia, CA; Buchanan, DS; Lake, R and Nissen, S (1994). Effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate on performance and carcass quality of feedlot steers. J. Anim. Sci., 72: 1927-1935.
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Wan, H; Zhu, J; Su, G; Liu, Y; HUa, L; HU, L; Wu, C; Zhang, R; Zhou, P; Shen, Y; Lin, Y; Xu, S; Fang, Z; Che, L; Feng, B and Wu, D (2016). Dietary supplementation with β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate calcium during the early postnatal period accelerates skeletal muscle fiber growth and maturity in intra-uterine growth-retarded and normal-birth-weight piglets. Br. J. Nutri., 115: 1360-1369.
46
Wang, CS; Chang, TT; Yao, WJ; Wang, ST and Chou, P
47
(2012). Impact of increasing alanine aminotransferase levels within normal range on incident diabetes. J. Formosan Med. Asso., 111: 201-208.
48
Wilkinson, DJ; Hossain, T; Hill, DS; Phillips, BE; Crossland, H; Williams, J; Loughna, P; Churchward-Venne, TA; Breen, L; Phillips, SM; Etheridge, T; Rathmacher, JA; Smith, K; Szewczyk, NJ and Atherton, PJ (2013). Effects of leucine and its metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methyl butyrate on human skeletal muscle protein metabolism. J. Physiol., 591: 2911-2923.
49
Witta, VC; Krause, GF and Bailey, ME (1970). A new extraction method for determination thiobarbituric acid values of pork and beef during storage. J. Food Sci., 35: 582-585.
50
Wu, H; Xia, Y; Jiang, J; Du, H; Guo, X; Liu, X; Li, C; Huang, G and Niu, K (2015). Effect of beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate supplementation on muscle loss in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatrics. 61: 168-175.
51
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection induces tight junction proteins expression in mice
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhea in travelers, young children and piglets, but the precise pathogenesis of ETEC induced diarrhea is not fully known. Recent investigations have shown that tight junction (TJ) proteins and aquaporin 3 (AQP 3) are contributing factors in bacterial diarrhea. In this study, using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry analyses, we found that ETEC increases the protein abundance of TJ proteins (occludin, claudin-1, zonula occludens-1) in mice. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli induced the expression of TJ proteins in mice through pathways by involving myosin light chain kinase (MLCK)-myosin II regulatory light chain (MLC20) pathways; however, ETEC has little effect on the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection has little effect on the protein abundance of AQP 3. Collectively, ETEC infection affects the abundance of intestinal TJ protein, which suggests the importance of TJ proteins in ETEC induced diarrhea.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4765_80b969f2a7aa9f21eaf2c260210bdfd4.pdf
2018-03-01
35
40
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4765
Aquaporin 3
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
MLCK
Tight junction
X.
Wu
wuxiaosong529@126.com
1
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Su
2
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
AUTHOR
Allen, KP; Randolph, MM and Fleckenstein, JM (2006). Importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in colonization of the adult mouse small intestine by human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. Infect. Immun., 74: 869-875.
1
Barreau, F and Hugot, JP (2014). Intestinal barrier dysfunction triggered by invasive bacteria. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 17: 91-98.
2
Berberov, EM; Zhou, Y; Francis, DH; Scott, MA; Kachman, SD and Moxley, RA (2004). Relative importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in the causation of severe diarrheal disease in the gnotobiotic piglet model by a strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli that produces multiple enterotoxins. Infect. Immun., 72: 3914-3924.
3
Celli, J; Olivier, M and Finlay, BB (2001). Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli mediates antiphagocytosis through the inhibition of PI 3-kinase-dependent pathways. EMBO J., 20: 1245-1258.
4
Chen, X; Huan, H; Wan, T; Wang, L; Gao, S and Jiao, X (2014). Antigenic determinants analysis and detection of virulence factors in F18 fimbriae Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 54: 236-242.
5
Edelblum, KL and Turner, JR (2009). The tight junction in inflammatory disease: communication breakdown. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 9: 715-720.
6
Egberts, HJ; de Groot, EC; van Dijk, JE; Vellenga, L and Mouwen, JM (1993). Tight junctional structure and permeability of porcine jejunum after enterotoxic Escherichia coli infection. Res. Vet. Sci., 55: 10-14.
7
Gao, Y; Han, F; Huang, X; Rong, Y; Yi, H and Wang, Y (2013). Changes in gut microbial populations, intestinal morphology, expression of tight junction proteins, and cytokine production between two pig breeds after challenge with Escherichia coli K88: a comparative study. J. Anim. Sci., 91: 5614-5625.
8
Guignot, J; Chaplais, C; Coconnier-Polter, MH and Servin, AL (2007). The secreted autotransporter toxin, Sat, functions as a virulence factor in Afa/Dr diffusely adhering Escherichia coli by promoting lesions in tight junction of polarized epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol., 9: 204-221.
9
Guttman, JA; Li, Y; Wickham, ME; Deng, W; Vogl, AW and Finlay, BB (2006). Attaching and effacing pathogen-induced tight junction disruption in vivo. Cell Microbiol., 8: 634-645.
10
Guttman, JA; Samji, FN; Li, Y; Deng, W; Lin, A and Finlay, BB (2007). Aquaporins contribute to diarrhoea caused by attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. Cell Microbiol., 9: 131-141.
11
Johnson, AM; Kaushik, RS and Hardwidge, PR (2010). Disruption of transepithelial resistance by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Vet. Microbiol., 141: 115-119.
12
Kim, CY and Kim, KH (2014). Curcumin prevents leptin-induced tight junction dysfunction in intestinal Caco-2 BBe cells. J. Nutr. Biochem., 25: 26-35.
13
Kohler, H; Sakaguchi, T; Hurley, BP; Kase, BA; Reinecker, HC and McCormick, BA (2007). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium regulates intercellular junction proteins and facilitates transepithelial neutrophil and bacterial passage. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol., 293: G178-187.
14
Li, N and Neu, J (2009). Glutamine deprivation alters intestinal tight junctions via a PI3-K/Akt mediated pathway in Caco-2 cells. J. Nutr., 139: 710-714.
15
Lin, N; Xu, LF and Sun, M (2013). The protective effect of trefoil factor 3 on the intestinal tight junction barrier is mediated by toll-like receptor 2 via a PI3K/Akt dependent mechanism. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 440: 143-149.
16
Martinez, JJ; Mulvey, MA; Schilling, JD; Pinkner, JS and Hultgren, SJ (2000). Type 1 pilus-mediated bacterial invasion of bladder epithelial cells. EMBO J., 19: 2803-2812.
17
Mecsas, J; Raupach, B and Falkow, S (1998). The Yersinia Yops inhibit invasion of Listeria, Shigella and Edwardsiella but not Salmonella into epithelial cells. Mol. Microbiol., 28: 1269-1281.
18
Muza-Moons, MM; Schneeberger, EE and Hecht, GA (2004). Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli infection leads to appearance of aberrant tight junctions strands in the lateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol., 6: 783-793.
19
Nataro, JP and Kaper, JB (1998). Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 11: 142-201.
20
Ren, W; Chen, S; Yin, J; Duan, J; Li, T; Liu, G; Feng, Z; Tan, B; Yin, Y and Wu, G (2014a). Dietary arginine supplementation of mice alters the microbial population and activates intestinal innate immunity. J. Nutr., 144: 988-995.
21
Ren, W; Wang, P; Yan, J; Liu, G; Zeng, B; Hussain, T; Peng, C; Yin, J; Tan, B; Li, T; Wei, H; Zhu, G; Reiter, RJ and Yin, Y (2017). Melatonin alleviates weanling stress in mice: involvement of intestinal microbiota. J. Pineal. Res., doi: 10.1111/jpi.12448. [Epub ahead of print].
22
Ren, W; Yin, J; Wu, M; Liu, G; Yang, G; Xion, Y; Su, D; Wu, L; Li, T; Chen, S; Duan, J; Yin, Y and Wu, G (2014b). Serum amino acids profile and the beneficial effects of L-arginine or L-glutamine supplementation in dextran sulfate sodium colitis. PLoS One. 9: e88335.
23
Roselli, M; Finamore, A; Britti, MS; Konstantinov, SR; Smidt, H; de Vos, WM and Mengheri, E (2007). The novel porcine Lactobacillus sobrius strain protects intestinal cells from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 infection and prevents membrane barrier damage. J. Nutr., 137: 2709-2716.
24
Roselli, M; Finamore, A; Garaguso, I; Britti, MS and Mengheri, E (2003). Zinc oxide protects cultured enterocytes from the damage induced by Escherichia coli. J. Nutr., 133: 4077-4082.
25
Rowe, B; Taylor, J and Bettelheim, KA (1970). An investigation of traveller’s diarrhoea. Lancet. 1(7636): 1-5.
26
Sears, CL and Kaper, JB (1996). Enteric bacterial toxins: mechanisms of action and linkage to intestinal secretion. Microbiol. Rev., 60: 167-215.
27
Shen, L; Weber, CR; Raleigh, DR; Yu, D and Turner, JR (2011). Tight junction pore and leak pathways: a dynamic duo. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 73: 283-309.
28
Suzuki, T (2013). Regulation of intestinal epithelial permeability by tight junctions. Cell Mol. Life Sci., 70: 631-659.
29
Tang, Y; Li, F; Tan, B; Liu, G; Kong, X; Hardwidge, PR and Yin, Y (2014). Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection induces intestinal epithelial cell autophagy. Vet. Microbiol., 171: 160-164.
30
Umeda, K; Ikenouchi, J; Katahira-Tayama, S; Furuse, K; Sasaki, H; Nakayama, M; Matsui, T; Tsukita, S; Furuse, M and Tsukita, S (2006). ZO-1 and ZO-2 independently determine where claudins are polymerized in tight-junction strand formation. Cell. 126: 741-754.
31
Uzzau, S and Fasano, A (2000). Cross-talk between enteric pathogens and the intestine. Cell Microbiol., 2: 83-89.
32
Van Itallie, CM; Holmes, J; Bridges, A; Gookin, JL; Coccaro, MR; Proctor, W; Colegio, OR and Anderson, JM (2008). The density of small tight junction pores varies among cell types and is increased by expression of claudin-2. J. Cell Sci., 121: 298-305.
33
Wang, G; Gao, F; Zhang, W; Chen, J; Wang, T; Zhang, G and Shen, L (2012). Involvement of aquaporin 3 in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric diseases. PLoS ONE. 7: e49104.
34
Yang, KM; Jiang, ZY; Zheng, CT; Wang, L and Yang, XF (2014). Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on diarrhea and intestinal barrier function of young piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88. J. Anim. Sci., 92: 1496-1503.
35
Yu, Q; Wang, Z and Yang, Q (2012). Lactobacillus amylophilus D14 protects tight junction from enteropathogenic bacteria damage in Caco-2 cells. J. Dairy Sci., 95: 5580-5587.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Optimization of protein in supplementary feeds for pond raised cyprinids
Labeo rohita, Gibelion catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were grown together for 365 days in triplicate ponds. Six iso-caloric feeds having varying protein levels i.e. 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% were prepared and supplemented to fish at 2% fish weight daily. Significantly, higher final average weight (793 ± 197 g) and total length gain (398 ± 40 mm) was recorded for Ctenopharyndodon idella. Net fish yield enhanced as the level of digestible protein (DP) in the supplementary diets increased and plateaued at 28% DP level, thereafter significant reduction (P<0.05) in fish weight increments was experienced at any surplus protein level. Among the supplementary feeds, 28% DP level resulted in maximum net fish yield (4304 ± 33 kg ha-1 year-1) and a significantly higher overall nitrogen conversion ratio (NCR) of 1:5.2 ± 0.14. Higher level of DP in supplementary feeds resulted in reduced fish growth.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4766_390cc0b4fba89abf54293c2c887f688e.pdf
2018-03-01
41
43
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4766
Chinese carps
Composite culture
Condition factor
Indian major carps
Supplemental feed
J.
Zeb
zebandzoology@gmail.com
1
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Javed
2
Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Ahmed, MK; Shaheen, N; Islam, MS; Habibullah-al-Mamun, M; Islam, S; Mohiduzzaman, M and Bhattacharjee, L (2015). Dietary intake of trace elements from highly consumed cultured fish (Labeo rohita, Pangasius pangasius and Oreochromis mossambicus) and human health risk implications in Bangladesh. Chemosphere. 128: 284-292.
1
Ashraf, M; Zafar, A; Rauf, A; Mehboob, S and Qureshi, NA (2011). Nutritional values of wild and cultivated silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Int. J. Agric. Biol., 13: 210-214.
2
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2006). Official methods of analysis. 18th Edn., Washington, D. C., Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. P: 1727.
3
Carlander, D (1970). Handbook of freshwater fishery biology. 3rd Edn., Vol. 1, Lowa, USA, The LowaStateUniversity Press. P: 104.
4
He, L; Pei, Y; Jiang, Y; Li, Y; Liao, L; Zhu, Z and Wang, Y (2015). Global gene expression patterns of grass carp following compensatory growth. BMC Genomics. 16: 184-201.
5
Javed, M (1988). Growth performance and meat quality of major carps as influenced by pond fertilization and feed supplementation. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Zoology and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. P: 67.
6
Kim, LO and Lee, SM (2005). Effect of the dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body composition of bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus fulvidraco. Aquaculture. 243: 323-329.
7
Mataka, L and Kangombe, J (2007). Effect of substitution of maize bran with chicken manure in semi-intensive pond culture of Tilapia rendalli (Boulenger). Aquacult. Res., 38: 940-946.
8
Naz, S; Javed, M; Hayat, S; Abdullah, S; Bilal, M and Shaukat, T (2008). Long term effects of lead (pb) toxicity on the growth performance, nitrogen conversion ratio and yield of major carps. Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 45: 53-58.
9
Noman, M; Ashraf, M; Abbas, S; Ahmad, I; Naeem, M and Hafeez-ur-rehman, M (2011). Growth performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to organic fertilizers and supplementary feed. Greener J. Agric. Sci., 1: 32-40.
10
Siddiqui, TQ and Khan, MA (2009). Effect of dietary protein levels on growth, feed utilization, protein retention efficiency and body composition of young Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). Fish Physiol. Biochem., 35: 479-488.
11
Singh, RK; Chavan, SL; Desai, AS and Khandagale, PA (2008). Influence of dietary protein levels and water temperature on growth, body composition and nutrient utilization of Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) fry. J. Therm. Biol., 33: 20-26.
12
Tabinda, AB and Ayub, M (2010). Effect of high phosphate fertilization rate on pond phosphate concentrations, chlorophyll a, and fish growth in carp polyculture. Aquacult. Int., 18: 285-301.
13
Yaqoob, M; Ali, MR and Mehmood, S (2010). Comparison of growth performance of major and Chinese carps fed on floating and sinking pelleted supplementary feeds in ponds. Pak. J. Zool., 42: 765-769.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Using PCR-PIRA based genotyping for identifying complex vertebral malformation allele in Frieswal young bulls in India
Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) has considerable economic impact on dairy cattle breeding due to extensive use of artificial insemination (AI). Identifying the carrier is an important factor to reduce the incidence of the genetic disorder. The study was conducted to identify the carriers of CVM in Frieswal cattle by polymerase chain reaction-primer-introduced restriction analysis (PCR-PIRA) method, which was further confirmed by sequencing. Carrier prevalence of 1% was observed in the Frieswal cattle. The results of the study clearly demonstrated the existence of carriers of CVM among Frieswal bull calves. Due to the widespread use of AI it is recommended to screen young bulls at early stages for this defective allele in order to avoid its rapid spread within the population.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4767_fd8c37b77f3079dcd4433f6805af0309.pdf
2018-03-01
44
47
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4767
CVM
Frieswal
PCR-PIRA
R. R.
Alyethodi
rfq_rahman@yahoo.co.in
1
Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Kumar
2
Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
R.
Deb
3
Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
R.
Alex
4
Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
U.
Singh
5
Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
S.
Sharma
6
MSc, Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
-
Ashish
7
MSc, Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
J.
Choudhary
8
MSc, Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
G.
Sengar
9
MSc, Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
R.
Singh
10
Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
S.
Tyagi
11
Animal Physiology Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
P.
Birham
12
Animal Genetics and Breeding Section, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt, Meerut, 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
AUTHOR
Agerholm, JS (2007). Complex vertebral malformation syndrome in Holstein cattle: the story so far. Acta Vet. Scand., 49: S5.
1
Chu, Q; Sun, D; Yu, Y; Zhang, Y and Zhang, Y (2008). Identification of complex vertebral malformation carriers in Chinese Holstein. J. Vet. Diagn. Investig., 20: 228-230.
2
Chu, Q; Zhang, Y; Sun, DX; Yu, Y; Wang, YC and Zhang, Y (2010). Identification of the complex vertebral malformation gene in Chinese Holstein and its association with dairy performance traits. Yi Chuan (Hereditas). 32: 732-736.
3
Gabor, M; Miluchova, M; Trakovicka, A; Riecka, Z; Candrak, J and Vavrisinova, K (2012). Detection of complex vertebral malformation carriers in Slovak Holstein cattle by high resolution melting analysis. Acta Vet., 62: 239-248.
4
Kanae, Y; Daiji, E; Hajime, N and Masanobu, H (2005). A method for detecting complex vertebral malformation in Holstein’s calves using polymerase chain reaction–primer-introduced restriction analysis. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 17: 258-262.
5
Konersmann, Y; Wemheuer, W and Brenig, B (2003). Origin, distribution and relevance of the CVM defect within the Holstein-Friesian population. Zuchtungskunde. 75: 9-15.
6
Kotikalapudi, R; Patel, RK; Sunkara, PS and Roy, A (2013). Detection of silent homozygous polymorphism in exon 4 of SLC35A3 gene in a Holstein cattle carrier for complex vertebral malformation. Inter. J. Vet. Sci., 2: 61-64.
7
Mahdi, M; Ashwani, S; Dubey, PP; Kumar, V; Misra, B and Singh, A (2010). Identification of complex vertebral malformation using polymerase chain reaction–primer introduced restriction analysis in Karan Fries Bulls. Curr. Trends Biotechnol. Pharm., 4: 850-854.
8
Meydan, H; Yildiz, MA and Agerholm, JS (2010). Screening for bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency, deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase, complex vertebral malformation, bovine citrullinemia, and factor XI deficiency in Holstein cows reared in Turkey. Acta Vet. Scand., 52: 1-8.
9
Nagahata, H; Hiromichi, O; Atsushi, N; Shin, O; Hidetoshi, H; Tetsuya, N; Takashi, K; Mitsuo, M and Hiroyuki, O (2002). Complex vertebral malformation in a stillborn Holstein calf in Japan. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 64: 1107-1112.
10
Nei, M (1987). Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York, ColumbiaUniversity Press. P: 512.
11
Rusc, A; Hering, D; Puckowska, P; Barcewicz, M and Kamiński, S (2013). Screening of Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls towards eradication of complex vertebral malformation (CVM) carriers. Pol. J. Vet. Sci., 16: 579-581.
12
Rusc, A and Kaminski, S (2007). Prevalence of complex vertebral malformation carriers among Polish Holstein Friesian bulls. J. Appl. Genet., 48: 247-252.
13
Sambrook, J; Fritschi, EF and Maniatis, T (1989). Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2nd Edn., Cold Spring Harbor, NY: ColdSpringHarbor Laboratory. PP: 44-54.
14
Thomsen, B; Horn, P; Panitz, F; Bendixen, E; Petersen, AH; Holm, L; Nielsen, VH; Agerholm, JS; Arnbjerg, J and Bendixen, C (2006). A missense mutation in the bovine SLC35A3 gene, encoding a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter, causes complex vertebral malformation. Genome Res., 16: 97-105.
15
Wang, C; Tong, Q; Hu, XZ; Yang, LG; Zhong, XQ; Yu, Y and Zhao, HQ (2011). Identification of complex vertebral malformation carriers in Holstein cattle in south China. Genet Mol. Res., 1: 2443-2448.
16
Zhang, Yi; Xuehua, F; Dongxiao, S; Yachun, W; Ying, Y; Yan, X; Shengli, Z and Yuan, Z (2012). A novel method for rapid and reliable detection of complex vertebral malformation and bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency in Holstein cattle. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 3: 2-6.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of virulence genes in Proteus species isolated from human and pet turtle
The current study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of ureC, rsbA, zapA and mrpA virulence genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Proteus spp. isolated from 5 commercially popular species of pet turtles and comparison of the mrpA gene sequences of Proteus mirabilis isolates with human clinical isolates. A total of 24 isolates in pet turtles were identified, comprised of P. mirabilis (15), Proteus vulgaris (7) and Proteus hauseri (2). The prevalence of ureC, rsbA, zapA and mrpA genes among all identified Proteus spp. isolates were 91.7%, 50%, 45.8% and 45.8%, respectively. The average percentage similarities of mrpA gene sequence of pet turtle P. mirabilis isolates to human urinary and respiratory isolates were 96.35% and 94.85%, respectively. The prevalence of virulence genes and high similarity of mrpA gene sequences between pet turtles and human P. mirabilis isolates revealed that though pet turtles are healthy, these animals may pose a potential risk of urinary and respiratory infections to humans.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4768_077371bdb28c16f776e28d30cb8d3f9b.pdf
2018-03-01
48
52
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4768
mrpA gene
Pet turtles
Proteus spp
Virulence genes
H. N. K. S.
Pathirana
1
MSc Student in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
AUTHOR
B. C. J.
De Silva
2
MSc Student in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
AUTHOR
S. H. M. P.
Wimalasena
3
MSc Student in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
AUTHOR
S.
Hossain
hsabrina135@gmail.com
4
Ph.D. Student in Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
AUTHOR
G. J.
Heo
gjheo@cbu.ac.kr
5
Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abbas, KF; Jawad, K; Khafaji, AL; Maysaa, S and Shukri, AL (2015). Molecular detection of some virulence genes in Proteus mirabilis isolated from Hillaprovince. Int. J. Res. Stud. in Biosci. (IJRSB)., 3: 85-89.
1
Ali, HH and Yousif, GM (2015). Detection of some virulence factors genes of Proteus mirablis that isolated from urinary tract infection. Int. J. of Adv. Res., 3: 156-163.
2
Back, DS; Shin, GW; Wendt, M and Heo, GJ (2016). Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in pet turtles and their environment. Lab. Anim. Res., 32: 166-170.
3
Barbour, EK; Hajj, ZG; Hamadeh, S; Shaib, HA; Farran, MT; Araj, G; Faroon, O; Barbour, KE; Jirjis, F; Azhar, E; Kumosani, T and Harahesh, S (2012). Comparison of phenotypic and virulence genescharacteristics in human and chicken isolates of Proteus mirabilis. Path. Glob. Health. 106: 352-357.
4
Bluvias, JE and Eckert, KL (2010). Marine turtle trauma response procedures: a husbandry manual. Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDER) Technical Report No. 10, Ballwin, Missouri. P: 100.
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Dalia, AA (2015). Prevalence of Proteus spp. in some hospitals in Baghdad city. Iraqi. J. Sci., 56: 665-672.
6
Drzewiecka, D (2016). Significance and roles of Proteus spp. bacteria in natural environments. Microb. Ecol., 72: 741-758.
7
Harada, K; Niina, A; Shimizu, T; Mukai, Y; Kuwajima, K; Miyamoto, T and Kataoka, Y (2014). Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from dogs. J. Med. Microbiol., 63: 1561-1567.
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Hegazy, WAH (2016). Diclofenac inhibits virulence of Proteus mirabilis isolated from diabetic foot ulcer. Afr. J. of Microbiol. Res., 10: 733-743.
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Henriksen, P (1972). Diagnosis and treatment of disease in the turtle. Iowa State Univ. Vet., 34: 8.
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Hidalgo-Vila, J; Diaz-Paniagua, C; De Frutos-Escobar, C; Jimenez-Martinez, C and Perez-Santigosa, N (2007). Salmonella in free living terrestrial and aquatic turtles. Vet. Microbiol., 119: 311-315.
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Hordijk, J; Schoormans, A; Kwakernaak, M; Duim, B; Broens, E; Dierikx, C; Mevius, D and Wagenaar, JA (2013). High prevalence of fecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase/AmpC-producing Entero-bacteriaceae in cats and dogs. Front. Microbiol., 4: 242.
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Hossain, S; Wimalasena, SHMP and Heo, GJ (2016). Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Citrobacter freundii isolated from healthy pet turtles and their environment. Asi. J. Ani. Vet. Adv., 12: 10-16.
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Li, X and Mobley, HL (2002). Vaccines for Proteus mirabilis in urinary tract infection. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 19: 461-465.
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Manos, J and Belas, R (2006). The genera Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella. Prokaryotes. 6: 245-269.
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Mermin, J; Hutwagner, L; Vugia, D; Shallow, S; Daily, P; Bende, J; Koehler, J; Marcus, R and Angulo, FJ (2004). Reptiles, amphibians, and human Salmonella infection: a population-based, case-control study. Clin. Inf. Dis., 38: 253-261.
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Mohammed, SO; Elshahaby, OA; Hafez, EE; Mohammed, AK and Ahmed, E (2014). Characterization and purification of urease enzyme from new Proteus mirabilis strain. J. Adv. Sci. Res., 5: 8-11.
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Omoruyia, EA and Evangelista, M (2014). Proteus mirabilis septicemia and meningitis in a neonate. J. Med. Cases. 5: 245-247.
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Pearson, MM; Rasko, DA; Smith, SN and Mobley, HL (2010). Transcriptome of swarming Proteus mirabilis. Infect. Immun., 78: 2834-2845.
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Rather, PN (2005). Swarmer cell differentiation in Proteus mirabilis. Environ. Microbiol., 7: 1065-1073.
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Rocha, SP; Elias, WP; Cianciarullo, AM; Menezes, MA; Nara, JM; Piazza, RM; Silva, MR; Moreira, CG and Pelayo, JS (2007). Aggregative adherence of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis to cultured epithelial cells. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol., 51: 319-326.
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Różalski, A; Torzewska, A; Moryl, M; Kwil, I; Maszewska, A; Ostrowska, K; Drzewiecka, D; Zabłotni, A; Palusiak, A; Siwinska, M and Staçzek, P (2012). Proteus spp. an opportunistic bacterial pathogen-classification, swarming growth, clinical significance and virulence factors. Folia Biol. Oeco., 8: 1-17.
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Schaffer, JN and Pearson, MM (2015). Proteus mirabilis and urinary tract infections. Microbiol. Spectr., 3(5): UTI-0017-2013. doi: 10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0017-2013.
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Senior, BW (1997). Media and tests to simplify the recognition and identification of members of the Proteeae. J. Med. Microbiol., 46: 39-44.
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Trivedi, KM; Branton, A; Trivedi, D; Nayak, G; Mondal, SC and Jana, S (2015). Phenotyping and genotyping characterization of Proteus vulgaris; after biofield treatment. Int. J. Genetics and Genomics., 3: 66-73.
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Walker, KE; Moghaddame-Jafari, S; Lockatell, CV; Johnson, D and Belas, R (1999). ZapA, the IgA-degrading metalloprotease of Proteus mirabilis, is a virulence factor expressed specically in swarmer cells. Mol. Microbiol., 32: 825-836.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Turkish fermented dairy products
In this study, the antibiotic resistance (AR) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from traditional Turkish fermented dairy products was investigated. Yogurt, white cheese, tulum cheese, cokelek, camız cream and kefir as dairy products were collected from various supermarkets. Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Enterecoccus spp. were isolated from these dairy products. Lactobacillus spp. were resistant to vancomycin (58%), erythromycin (10.8%), tetracycline (4.3%), gentamicin (28%), and ciprofloxacin (26%). Streptococcus spp. were resistant to vancomycin (40%), erythromycin (10%), chloramphenicol (10%), gentamicin (20%), and ciprofloxacin (30%). Bifidobacterium spp. were resistant to vancomycin (60%), E 15 (6.6%), gentamicin (20%), and ciprofloxacin (33%). Enterococcus spp. were resistant to vancomycin (100%), erythromycin (100%), rifampin (100%), and ciprofloxacin (100%). As a result, LAB islated from dairy products in this study showed mostly resistance to vancomycin.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4769_7c3bd5b5ff79768fd61fb956429e1f7f.pdf
2018-03-01
53
56
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4769
Antibiotic resistance
Lactic acid bacteria
Traditional fermented dairy product
Z.
Erginkaya
1
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, TR-01300 Adana, Turkey
AUTHOR
E. U.
Turhan
emelunalturhan@gmail.com.tr
2
Department of Food Technology, Kadirli Applied Sciences School, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, TR-80760 Osmaniye, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
D.
Tatlı
3
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, TR-01300 Adana, Turkey
AUTHOR
Ammor, MS; Florez, AB and Mayo, B (2007). Antibiotic resistance in non-enterococcal lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacteria. Food. Microbiol., 24: 559-570.
1
Clementi, F and Aquilanti, L (2011). Recent investigations and updated criteria for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in food lactic acid bacteria. Anaerobe., 17: 394-398.
2
Cocconcelli, PS; Cattivelli, D and Gazzola, S (2003). Gene transfer of vankomisin and tetracycline resistances among Enterococcs faecalis during cheese and sausage fermentations. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 88: 315-323.
3
D’aimmo, MR; Modesto, M and Biavati, B (2007). Antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria and Bifido-bacterium spp. isolated from dairy and pharmaceutical products. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 115: 35-42.
4
Erkuş, O (2007). Isolation, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of yoghurt starter bacteria. Master Thesis, İzmir Institute of Technology. P: 78s.
5
Flórez, AB; Delgado, S and Mayo, B (2005). Antimicrobial susceptibility of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a cheese environment. Can. J. Microbiol., 51: 51-58.
6
Gür, D (2007). Performing standart for practice standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 17th Infromation Annex. Ankara, Scientific Medicine Publisher. P: 173.
7
Halkman, K (2005). Food microbiology practices. Ankara, Merck, Başak Printing Press. P: 358s.
8
Harrigan, WF and McCane, ME (1998). Laboratory methods in food and dairy microbiology. 3rd Edn., London, New York, San Francisco, Academic Press. P: 452.
9
Herreros, MA; Sandoval, H; Gonzalez, L; Castroj, M; Frenso, JM and Tornadijo, ME (2005). Antimicrobial activitiy and antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria isolated from armada cheese (a spanish goats’ milk cheese) spain. Food. Microbiol., 22: 455-459.
10
Karakaş, A (2005). Isolation and identification of Enterococcus faecium from cheeses and fermented sausages. Master Thesis, University of Çukurova. P: 39s.
11
Liu, S; Han, Y and Zhou, Z (2011). Lactic acid bacteria in traditional fermented Chinese foods. Food. Res. Int., 44: 643-651.
12
Mathur, S and Singh, R (2005). Antibiotic resistance in food lactic acid bacteria-a review. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 105: 281-295.
13
Pan, L; Hu, X and Wang, X (2011). Assessment of antibiotic resistance of lactic acid bacteria in Chinese fermented foods. Food. Control. 22: 1316-1321.
14
Rodríguez-Alonso, P; Fernández-Otero, C; Centeno, JA and Garabal, JI (2009). Antibiotic resistance in lactic acid bacteria and Micrococcaceae/Staphylococcaceae isolates from artisanal raw milk cheeses, and potential ımplications on cheese making. J. Food. Sci., 74: M284-293.
15
Temmerman, R; Pot, B; Huys, G and Swings, J (2003). Identification and antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial ısolates from probiotic products. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 81: 1-10.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Surgical correction of urethral diverticulum in a female pseudo-hermaphrodite crossbred calf
A 40 kg crossbred calf of one month age was presented to the Institute Referral Polyclinic, with a history of dysuria, stranguria along with a fluctuant swelling in the mid-perineal region. On physical examination, a diverticulum was observed which on aspiration revealed urine. It was reported that urine outflow was from a tiny orifice at the proposed natural site of the vulva. Dissection of the skin over the diverticulum revealed hypoplastic penis with adhesion of the preputeal sheath along with penile hypospadia. Permanent perineal urethrostomy and diverticulectomy was performed in the region of the defect. The urethral layer was sutured along with the skin using 1-0 Polyamide sutures in a simple interrupted pattern. No postoperative complication was reported till one year of surgery and animal was urinating properly.
https://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_4771_a3dfbefa4c015eb984a66a28a75ea1b8.pdf
2018-03-01
57
59
10.22099/ijvr.2018.4771
Calf
Pseudo-hermaphrodite
Urethral diverticulum
S. K.
Maiti
swapanivri@gmail.com
1
Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
P. D. S.
Raghuvanshi
2
Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
AUTHOR
M.
Divya
3
Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
AUTHOR
P.
Sangeetha
4
Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
AUTHOR
G.
Deepesh
5
Ph.D. Scholar, Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
AUTHOR
K.
Naveen
6
Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
AUTHOR
Abd-EI-Hady, A (2014). Hypospadia and urethral diver-ticulum in a female pseudohermaphrodite calf. Sch. J. Agric. Vet. Sci., 1: 288-292.
1
Ader, PL and Hobson, HP (1978). A review of the veterinary literature and a report of three cases in the dog. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc., 14: 721-727.
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Alam, MR; Shin, SH; Lee, HB; Choi, IH and Kim, NS (2005). Hypospadias in three calves: a case report. Vet. Med. Czech., 11: 506-509.
3
Bokhari, SG (2013). Hypospadias and urethral diverticulum in two goat kids: a case report. J. Anim. Plant Sci., 23: 675-677.
4
Chauhan, PM; Nakhashi, HC and Solanki, KG (2012). Male pseudohermaphroditism in a crossbred cow calf - a case report. Int. J. Agro Vet. Med. Sci., 6: 7-10.
5
Padula, AM (2005). The freemartin syndrome: an update. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 87: 93-109.
6
Radostits, OM; Gay, CC; Hinchcliff, KW and Constable, PD (2007). Veterinary medicine. 10th Edn., London, Saunders Co., P: 573.
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Singh, AP; AI-Badrany, MS; Eshous, SM and Abid, TA (1989). Hypospadias and urethral diverticulum in goats. Indian J. Vet. Surg., 10: 51.
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Smith, BP (2009). Large internal medicine. 3rd Edn., St Louis, Mosby-Elsevier Publishing. P: 1505.
9
Youngquist, RS and Threlfall, WR (2007). Large animal theriogenology. 2nd Edn., St Louis, Saunders. PP: 384-385.
10